Introduction. Background. The development of new medical technologies and the search for minimally invasive methods for the treatment of a number of urological diseases makes us take a fresh look at the tactics of treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children. The goal was to determine the efficacy of high-pressure balloon dilatation (HPBD) of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) in children with hydronephrosis.

Material and Methods. The study included children from different regions of the Russian Federation aged from 2 months to 14 years with a proven ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) based on a clinical and instrumental examination. Children underwent HPBD of the UPJO zone with its subsequent stenting. The stent was removed after 4-6 weeks. Evaluation of the results was carried out 3-6 months after the stent removal.

Results. The HPBD of the UPJO zone showed a total efficiency of 73%. During the derivation of urine by the stent, clear decompression of the renal collective system was found. Migration of stents and other complications, including urinary tract infections, were not noted. There were an increase in the level of obstruction in 11 (26,8%) patients after stent removal, which required routine surgical treatment by the Heines-Anderson pyeloplasty.

Conclusion. The HPBD has proved to be a technically simple and effective procedure that can become an alternative to open surgery.

Introduction. The function of the bladder, according to the recommendations of the Committee for Standardization (ICS), is based on evaluation of sensitivity studies, detrusor activity, bladder dilatation and maximum cystometric capacity. The results of cystometry should be interpreted according to the anamnesis and clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as the results of other studies, such as uroflowmetry and ultrasound. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between the severity of clinical manifestations of bladder hyperactivity (BH) and the results of a cystometric study.

Materials and methods. We analized the relationship between the results of filling cystometry and clinical indices in 341 patients with idiopathic hyperactivity of the bladder.

Results. A reliable correlation was established between the patient’s sex and the presence of involuntary detrusor activity, as well as the maximum cystometric capacity. The only symptom of BH, which is associated with all cystometric parameters of the filling phase, is the increasing frequency of urination. Among the urodynamic parameters, the maximum clinical value is the maximum cystometric capacity, the index of the sensitivity of the bladder and the presence of involuntary detrusor activity.

Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies confirmed the presence of a reliable relationship between the cystometric parameters and the severity of the clinical manifestations of the BH. Among the urodynamic parameters, the maximum clinical value is the maximum cystometric capacity, the index of the sensitivity of the bladder and the presence of involuntary detrusor activity in the filling phase.

Relevance. Absence of studies on the effect of various transurethral and endovideosurgical methods (EVS) of operative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the state of the copulative function, which includes the analysis of its main components within the framework of a single study.

Aim. Study the effect of the above methods of correction of BPH on the state of the main components of the copulatory function.

Materials and methods. Analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 220 patients with BPH who underwent transurethral resection-TUR (n = 80), transurethral enucleation with bipolar TUEB (n = 51), holmium laser enucleation of the prostate-HoLEP (n = 43), and endovideosurgical adenomectomy- EVS AE (n = 46). The study included: the international index of erectile function, the scale of the male copulative function score, the score of the questionnaire for the aging males symptoms (AMS), the quality of life index for erectile dysfunction, the degree of bulbocavernosis reflex, the testosterone fraction and the globulin binding sex hormones (GBSG). Patients were examined before the operation, and also after 3 and 6 months. Results. The number of patients with decreased libido was significantly lower in the TUR groups (from 56.3% to 53, 75% (3 months) and 47.5% (6 months)) and EVS AE (from 43.4% to 39.1% (3 months) and 32.6% (6 months)). A decrease in the specific gravity of ED in the postoperative period (group TUR BPH (from 50% to 45% (3 months) and 42.5% (6 months), group TUEB (from 52.9% to 51.5% (3 months) and 49.2% ( 6 months), the HoLEP group (from 69% to 66.6% (3 months) and 60% (6 months) and EVS AE (from 68.75% to 65% (3 months) and 62.5% (6 months)) with a parallel improvement in severity (from 40% to 37.5% (3 months), 35% (6 months), and EVS AE (from 31.25% to 28.3% (3 months) and 25% (6 months)), the number of patients with hyporgasmia. With respect to retrograde ejaculation, there was a decrease in the incidence of its occurrence in the TUR group (from 25% to 22.5% (3 months) and 19.6% (6 months) and EVS AE (from 18.75% to 15.3% (3 months) and 12% (6 months.) In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the level of testosterone and GBSG fractions in the pre- and postoperative period (3 months), but when monitoring at a more distant time (6 months), there was a tendency to increase testosterone fractions with a parallel decrease in the concentration of GBSG.

Conclusions. Surgical correction of BPH with endoscopic and EVS methods has a positive effect on the copulatory function and hormonal status, which is especially pronounced in the groups of TUR BPH and EVS AE.

Introduction. Prostate tuberculosis is not rare, but often overlooked disease: 77% of patients died from tuberculosis any localization had prostate tuberculosis and mostly it was not diagnosed alive; in 25% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis prostate tuberculosis was revealed by biopsy. 

Material and Methods.History cases of out-patients with prostate tuberculosis who was under observation in the Novosibirsk tuberculous dispensary in 2010-2015 years were analyzed retrospectively with purpose to estimate the ways of the diagnosis of prostate tuberculosis. Results. More often (41.7%) reason to suppose prostate tuberculosis was chronic prostatitis resistant to standard therapy. In 18.1% the disease was accidental finding after surgery due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (5.6%) or in time of examination patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (12.5%), who had no prostate-specific symptoms.

Conclusion. Prostate tuberculosis may have non-specific symptoms and may be asymptomatic – in this case the disease is diagnosed accidentally. The frequency of prostate tuberculosis hiding under the mask of chronic prostatitis is high. Urogenital infections resistant to standard therapy are suspicious on tuberculosis.

Introduction. It seems 90% of chronic prostatitis (CP) is abacterial, but is it true? The propose is – to estimate a spectrum of chronic abacterial prostatitis and estimate efficiency of complex treatment.

Materials and Methods. Fifty six patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis 3-a category were enrolled in this study: first group (28 patients) received standard treatment and additionally - panavir, and second group (also 28 patients) - standard treatment only. All patients were examined by standard approach, including polimerase chain reaction on intracellular pathogens. Complex therapy was unique and included: doxiciclin, famcyclovir, pathogenetic therapy. Efficiency was estimated by NIH-CPSI scale and by eradication of pathogens.

Results. All patients had chronic abacterial prostatitis 3-a category. Followed pathogens were revealed: Chlamydia trachomatis (17 patients), Ureaplasma urealyticum (15 patients), Mycoplasma genitalium (22 patients), virus Herpes (9 patients). These pathogens formally are not etiological factor, but in fact they maintain inflammation in the prostate. M. tuberculosis was not found. In first group total scores decreased from 20.9 to 7.9, in second group - from 20.8 to 16.3). In three months, pathogens were 17.8% patients больных in first group, and in 42.8% in second group; accordingly efficiency of standard treatment was 57,2%, and in combination with panavir – 82.2%.

onclusion. Examination on intracellular pathogens as well as viruses is indicated for patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis 3-a category. Standard therapy in cobination with panavir significantly imorives results of the treatment. Low efficiency of standard therapy may be explained both by secondary immunodefficiency and by myofascial syndrome.

The article describes modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Possibilities and prospects of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment. The analysis of foreign literature is given.

Incidence, prevalence and mortality from tuberculosis remain high. Tuberculosis is systemic disease and may affect any organ or tissue; second-third most common form is urogenital tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the importance reasons for female mortality, especially in the epidemic regions. There is genetic predisposition for female genital tuberculosis. Diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis is difficult because of absence specific symptoms; HIV-comorbidity makes early diagnosis even more difficult. Outcomes of kidney tuberculosis are severe fibrosis and calcification, that disorders kidney functions. Chronic renal failure hinders cure from kidney tuberculosis. Estimation of epidemiological reports is also difficult due to absence of unique classification.

Nocturia, awaking from sleep to void, has a negative impact on health and well-being. Nocturia traditionally has been regarded as a predominantly male condition, but it is just as prevalent in women as in men. Urologists and general practitioners are becoming increasingly aware of and interested in nocturia, as indicated by the recent increase in large epidemiologic studies and analyses and by initiatives such as the Nocturia Think Tank and The Consensus Statement from the Interdisciplinary Conference on Nocturia. Nocturia is a common symptom of many conditions and is encountered in patients presenting to services across different medical specialities and health disciplines. The causal pathway of nocturia is multi-factorial and differs between patients. There is currently no symptom-specific clinical algorithm for all-cause diagnosis of nocturia. A thorough history and assessment of number and times of voids, void volume, and fluid intake is essential for determining the etiology of a patient’s nocturia. With data obtained from the frequency-volume chart (FVC), which is used to collect quantitative voiding data, a patient’s nocturia may be classified as global polyuria, nocturnal polyuria, reduced bladder capacity, or a combination of these categories. Global polyuria is defined as 24-hr urinary output that exceeds 40 ml/kg body weight and results in increased 24-hr urinary frequency. Nocturia is a complex multifactorial condition that requires careful evaluation for appropriate diagnosis. The FVC is an essential evaluation tool that can facilitate accurate identification of the potential multiple causes of nocturia in an individual patient, providing evidence by which the etiology of nocturia can be categorized into one or a combination of categories of sleep disorders, nocturnal polyuria, global polyuria, and reduced bladder capacity. The role of the circadian clock in the pathophysiology of nocturia deserves further attention.

This review is to evaluate literature concerning different methods of treatment of anterior urethra strictures: internal optical urethrotomy (OIU), laser urethrotomy, urethra stenting, urethra dilatation, OIU in combination with selfdilatation, OIU combined with chemicals injection. Evaluation of expedience, advisability and reasonableness of the chosen methods and techniques. Hereby presented statistical assessment of longtime postoperative data, low efficiency researches analysis. This research is compiled using Medline, PubMed and Embase databases.