<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2024-12-5-33-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-956</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка новых биомаркеров нарушений функции почек при симптомах нижних мочевых путей у мужчин с гиперплазией простаты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of novel biomarkers of renal dysfunction associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-743X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старцев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Startsev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старцев Владимир Юрьевич — д-р. мед. наук, профессор.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Yu. Startsev — Dr.Sc.(Med).</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doc.urolog@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3174-6596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дударев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudarev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дударев Виктор Андреевич.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург; Чита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Dudarev.</p><p>St. Petersburg; Chita</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dudarevv94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет; Читинская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Chita State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старцев В.Ю., Дударев В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старцев В.Ю., Дударев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Startsev V.Y., Dudarev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/956">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/956</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема диагностики и лечения пациентов с комплексом симптомов нижних мочевых путей, ассоциированных с гиперплазией предстательной железы (СНМП / ГПЖ), сохраняет высокую актуальность. Методы клинической диагностики не всегда позволяют своевременно прогнозировать изменения функции почек, верхних и нижних мочевых путей при разных видах лечебного воздействия. Поиск потенциальных биомаркеров, позволяющих малоинвазивно оценить состояние мочевого пузыря и почечной функции, представляется перспективным направлением научных исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявить потенциальные биомаркеры мочи и сыворотки крови, позволяющие оценить функцию почек у пациентов с СНМП / ГПЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включёны 69 пациентов с СНМП / ГПЖ с последующим их разделением на две группы. В группу 1 включены 48 пациентов с СНМП умеренной тяжести, получавших комбинированную терапию альфа-1-адреноблокаторами (ААБ) и ингибиторами 5-альфаредуктазы (5АРИ). В группу 2 — 21 пациент с тяжёлыми СНМП / ГПЖ. Пациентам группы 2 выполнено хирургическое лечение — трансуретральная резекция простаты (ТУР). Помимо стандартных методов исследования (IPSS, дневников мочеиспускания, лабораторных, уродинамических и лучевых методик), для поиска потенциальных биомаркеров сыворотки крови и мочи исследованы концентрации протеин-7 связывающего инсулиноподобного фактора роста (IGFBP7), Cystatin C, OPN, трефоилового фактора (TFF3), Clusterin, лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ). Период наблюдения пациентов составил 12 месяцев.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе исследования отмечено, что IGFBP7, Cystatin C, TFF-3 в сыворотке крови, а также ЛДГ, Clusterin в моче взаимосвязаны со степенью выраженности СНМП / ГПЖ. Уровень биомаркеров сыворотки крови у пациентов с тяжёлыми проявлениями СНМП изначально был выше, чем у пациентов, нарушения мочеиспускания которых носили умеренный характер (группа 1). На фоне лечения (консервативная терапия, оперативные вмешательства по поводу ГПЖ) уровни рассматриваемых субстратов снижались у пациентов всех групп. При оценке биомаркеров мочи наибольшее снижение уровня Clusterin к завершению наблюдения зафиксировано у пациентов группы 1, наименее выраженное — у пациентов с тяжёлыми СНМП. Исходное значение ЛДГ двукратно превышало показатели у больных в группе 2 относительно группы 1 и прогрессивно снижалось после хирургического лечения инфравезикальной обструкции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование биомаркеров для оценки нарушения функции почек при развитии ГПЖ — перспективное направление научного поиска. Панели новых маркеров позволят прогнозировать нарушения функции почек у пациентов с СНМП средней и тяжёлой степени.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The problem of diagnostics and treatment of patients with complex lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) remains highly relevant. Clinical diagnostic methods do not always allow timely prediction of changes in renal, upper and lower urinary tract function with different types of treatment intervention. The search for potential biomarkers allowing minimally invasive assessment of the bladder and renal function condition seems to be a promising direction of scientific research.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To identify potential urine and serum biomarkers allowing to assess renal function in patients with LUTS/BPH.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. The study included 69 patients with LUTS/BPH and subsequently divided them into two groups. Group 1 included 48 patients with moderate LUTS who received combination therapy with alpha-1 adrenergic blockers (AABs) and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARIs). Group 2 included 21 patients with severe LUTS/BPH. Patients of group 2 underwent surgical treatment: transurethral resection of the prostate. In addition to standard research methods (IPSS, voiding diaries, laboratory, urodynamic and radiation techniques), to search for potential biomarkers in serum and urine, concentrations of: insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), B-Cross Laps, Cystatin C, OPN, trefoil factor (TFF3), uromodulin, Clusterin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The follow-up period for patients was 12 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study noted that IGFBP7, Cystatin C, TFF3 in the blood serum, as well as LDH, Clusterin in the urine are associated with the severity of LUTS/BPH. Serum biomarker levels were initially higher in patients with severe LUTS compared to patients with moderate LUTS (group 1). The levels of these substrates decreased in patients of all groups during treatment (conservative therapy, surgical interventions for BPH). When assessing urinary biomarkers, the greatest decrease in Clusterin level by the end of follow-up was registered in group 1 patients, the least pronounced in group 2 patients. The initial value of LDH was twice higher in group 2 vs group 1 and progressively decreased after surgical treatment of bladder outlet obstruction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Biomarkers used to assess renal dysfunction in the development of LUTS/BPH are a promising area of scientific research. Panels of new markers will enable to predict renal dysfunction in patients with moderate-to-severe LUTS, which will improve the quality of medical care for this category of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>симптомы нижних мочевых путей</kwd><kwd>гиперплазия предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lower urinary tract symptoms</kwd><kwd>benign prostatic hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Земскова С, Шабунина В, Гертнер Л, Мухин В, Ильина Е, Корякин А. Влияние консервативного и оперативного лечения заболеваний мочеполовых органов на иммунологическую реактивность пациентов. Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии. 2010;3(4):408-414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemskova S.S., Shabunina V.I., Gertner L.V., Muchin V.B., Iljina E.B., Korjakin A.V. Influence of surgical and conservative treatment of diseases urogenital at reactivity immunologic of patients. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery. 2010;3(4):408-414. (In Russian). DOI: 10.18499/2070-478X-2010-3-4-408-414</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasconcelos CTM, Gomes MLS, Geoffrion R, Saboia DM, Bezerra KC, Vasconcelos Neto JA.Pessary evaluation for genital prolapse treatment: From acceptance to successful fitting. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020;39(8):2344-2352. DOI: 10.1002/nau.24493</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasconcelos CTM, Gomes MLS, Geoffrion R, Saboia DM, Bezerra KC, Vasconcelos Neto JA.Pessary evaluation for genital prolapse treatment: From acceptance to successful fitting. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020;39(8):2344-2352. DOI: 10.1002/nau.24493</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аполихин О.И., Комарова В.А., Никушина А.А., Сивков А.В. Болезни предстательной железы в Российской Федерации: статистические данные 2008-2017 гг. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2019;2:4-13. DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2019-11-2-4-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Apolihin O.I., Komarova V.A., Nikushina A.A., Sivkov A.V. Prostate diseases in the Russian Federation: statistical data for 2008-2017. Experimental and clinical urology. 2019;4:114-121. (In Russian). DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2019-11-2-4-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коротеев М.А., Кореньков Д.Г., Михайличенко В.В. Ранняя профилактика инфекционно-воспалительных осложнений трансуретральной резекции доброкачественной гиперплазии предстательной железы. Андрология и генитальная хирургия. 2008(2):55-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koroteev M.A., Korenkov D.G., Mikhailichenko V.V. Early prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications of transurethral resection of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Andrology and Genital Surgery. 2008(2):55-61. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong A, Mahmalji W. The role of Rezūm ™ team ablation of the prostate in the treatment of patients with acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. A single center, single surgeon case series and literature review. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):1620-1626. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2021.1901273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong A, Mahmalji W. The role of Rezūm ™ team ablation of the prostate in the treatment of patients with acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. A single center, single surgeon case series and literature review. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):1620-1626. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2021.1901273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дударев В.А., Кошмелев А.А., Старцев В.Ю. Частота и причины осложнений гиперплазии предстательной железы, по данным исследования жителей региона России (Забайкальский край). Забайкальский медицинский вестник. 2017;2:161-169. eLIBRARY ID: 29409312; EDN: YTOQZV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudarev V.A., Koshmelev A.A., Starcev V.Yu. Frequency and causes of complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia, by the research of residents of the region of Russia (Zabaykalsky territory). Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin. 2017;2:161-169. (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 29409312; EDN: YTOQZV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старцев В.Ю., Дударев В.А., Кошмелев А.А. Причины осложнений гиперплазии предстательной железы у жителей региона России. Урологические ведомости. 2017;7(S):101-102. eLIBRARY ID: 29246515; EDN: YQAATP</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Startsev V.Yu., Dudarev V.A., Koshmelev A.A. Causes of complications of prostatic hyperplasia in residents of the Russian region. Urology reports. 2017;7(S):101-102. (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 29246515; EDN: YQAATP</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swavely NR, Speich JE, Stothers L, Klausner AP. New Diagnostics for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep. 2019;14:90-97. DOI: 10.1007/s11884-019-00511-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swavely NR, Speich JE, Stothers L, Klausner AP. New Diagnostics for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep. 2019;14:90-97. DOI: 10.1007/s11884-019-00511-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho KJ, Koh JS, Choi J, Kim JC. Changes in Adenosine Triphosphate and Nitric Oxide in the Urothelium of Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Detrusor Underactivity. J Urol. 2017;198(6):1392-1396. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.06.080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho KJ, Koh JS, Choi J, Kim JC. Changes in Adenosine Triphosphate and Nitric Oxide in the Urothelium of Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Detrusor Underactivity. J Urol. 2017;198(6):1392-1396. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.06.080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дударев В.А., Старцев В.Ю. Факторы прогноза развития нарушений мочеиспускания при гиперплазии предстательной железы у мужчин пожилого возраста. Урология. 2018;(6):150-154. DOI: 10.18565/urology.2018.6.150-154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudarev V.A., Startsev V.Yu. Factors predicting the development of urinary tract disorders in prostatic hyperplasia in elderly men. Urologija. 2018;6:150-154. (In Russian). DOI: 10.18565/urology.2018.6.150-154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gharaee-Kermani M, Macoska JA. Promising molecular targets and biomarkers for male BPH and LUTS. Curr Urol Rep. 2013;14(6):628-637. DOI: 10.1007/s11934-013-0368-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gharaee-Kermani M, Macoska JA. Promising molecular targets and biomarkers for male BPH and LUTS. Curr Urol Rep. 2013;14(6):628-637. DOI: 10.1007/s11934-013-0368-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young S, Gasparetto A, Jalaeian H, Golzarian J. Biomarkers in the setting of benign prostatic hyperplasia-induced lower urinary tract symptoms: what an interventional radiologist needs to know. Br J Radiol. 2020;93(1114):20200484. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200484</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young S, Gasparetto A, Jalaeian H, Golzarian J. Biomarkers in the setting of benign prostatic hyperplasia-induced lower urinary tract symptoms: what an interventional radiologist needs to know. Br J Radiol. 2020;93(1114):20200484. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200484</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma J, Gharaee-Kermani M, Kunju L, Hollingsworth JM, Adler J, Arruda EM, Macoska JA. Prostatic fibrosis is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2012;188(4):1375-1381. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.06.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma J, Gharaee-Kermani M, Kunju L, Hollingsworth JM, Adler J, Arruda EM, Macoska JA. Prostatic fibrosis is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2012;188(4):1375-1381. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.06.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez-Nieves JA, Macoska JA. Prostatic fibrosis, lower urinary tract symptoms, and BPH. Nat Rev Urol. 2013;10(9):546-550. DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez-Nieves JA, Macoska JA. Prostatic fibrosis, lower urinary tract symptoms, and BPH. Nat Rev Urol. 2013;10(9):546-550. DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gheinani AH, Kiss B, Moltzahn F, Keller I, Bruggmann R, Rehrauer H, Fournier CA, Burkhard FC, Monastyrskaya K. Characterization of miRNA-regulated networks, hubs of signaling, and biomarkers in obstruction-induced bladder dysfunction. JCI Insight. 2017;2(2):e89560. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89560</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gheinani AH, Kiss B, Moltzahn F, Keller I, Bruggmann R, Rehrauer H, Fournier CA, Burkhard FC, Monastyrskaya K. Characterization of miRNA-regulated networks, hubs of signaling, and biomarkers in obstruction-induced bladder dysfunction. JCI Insight. 2017;2(2):e89560. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89560</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахохов З.М., Исмаилов Р.С., Коган М.И. Роль микроРНК в качестве молекулярно-биологических маркёров дифференциации доброкачественной гиперплазии и рака предстательной железы. Вестник урологии. 2023;11(3):98-107. DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2023-11-3-98-107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhokhov Z.M., Ismailov R.S., Kogan M.I. MicroRNAs as molecular biological markers of benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer differentiation. Urology Herald. 2023;11(3):98-107. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2023-11-3-98-107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирпатовский В.И., Мудрая И.С., Федяков Р.П., Голованов С.А., Дрожжева В.В., Черников Д.Ю., Елисеев Д.Э., Надточий О.Н., Сыромятникова Е.В. Ферментурия как маркер повреждения мочевого пузыря при острой задержке мочи. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2012;1:20-23. eLIBRARY ID: 17775523; EDN: OYZNNP</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirpatovsky V.I., Mudraya I.S., Fedyakov R.P., Golovanov S.A., Drozhzheva V.V., Chernikov D.U., Eliseev D.E., Nadtochy O.N., Syromyatnikova E.V. Enzymuria as a marker of bladder damage in acute urinary retention V. Experimental and clinical urology. 2012;1:20-23. (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 17775523; EDN: OYZNNP</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кобалава Ж.Д., Виллевальде С.В., Ефремовцева М.А., Моисеев В.С. Биомаркеры острого повреждения почек: современные представления и перспективы. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(6):88-93. eLIBRARY ID: 22372998; EDN: SVPHNF</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobalava ZhD, Villeval’de SV, Efremovtseva MA, Moiseev VS. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury: Current views and prospects. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2014;86(6):88-93. (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 22372998; EDN: SVPHNF</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирпатовский В.И, Орлова Е.В., Харламова Л.А., Голованов С.А., Дрожжева В.В., Фролова Е.В. Значимость динамического определения концентрации цистатина С в крови как маркера риска перехода острого повреждения почек в хроническую почечную недостаточность и эффективности нефропротективной терапии. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2021;14(4):20-29. DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2021-14-4-20-29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirpatovskiy V.I., Orlova E.V., Kharlamova L.A., Golovanov S.A., Drozhzheva V.V., Frolova E.V. The significance of dynamic detection of Cystatin C concentration in the blood as a marker of the risk of transition of acute kidney injury to chronic renal failure and the effectiveness of nephroprotective therapy. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2021;14(4):20-29. (In Russian). DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2021-14-4-20-29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mello MF, de Bessa J Júnior, Reis ST, Kondo EY, Yu L, Dénes FT, Lopes RI. Evaluating TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 as a predictive tool for kidney injury in ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Int Braz J Urol. 2022;48(2):284-293. DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2021.0340</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mello MF, de Bessa J Júnior, Reis ST, Kondo EY, Yu L, Dénes FT, Lopes RI. Evaluating TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 as a predictive tool for kidney injury in ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Int Braz J Urol. 2022;48(2):284-293. DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2021.0340</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nalesso F, Cattarin L, Gobbi L, Fragasso A, Garzotto F, Calò LA. Evaluating Nephrocheck® as a Predictive Tool for Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2020;13:85-96. DOI: 10.2147/IJNRD.S198222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nalesso F, Cattarin L, Gobbi L, Fragasso A, Garzotto F, Calò LA. Evaluating Nephrocheck® as a Predictive Tool for Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2020;13:85-96. DOI: 10.2147/IJNRD.S198222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devarajan P. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): a new marker of kidney disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 2008;241:89-94. DOI: 10.1080/00365510802150158</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devarajan P. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): a new marker of kidney disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 2008;241:89-94. DOI: 10.1080/00365510802150158</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прокопьева Н. Э., Новикова В.П. Современные биомаркеры повреждения почек. Медицина: теория и практика. 2018;3(3 приложен):29-35. eLIBRARY ID: 36546415; EDN: YPURYT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prokopyeva N.E., Novikova V.P. Recent biomarkers of renal injure. Medicine: Theory and Practice, 3(3 app), 29-35. (In Russian) eLIBRARY ID: 36546415; EDN: YPURYT</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astor BC, Köttgen A, Hwang SJ, Bhavsar N, Fox CS, Coresh J. Trefoil factor 3 predicts incident chronic kidney disease: a case-control study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am J Nephrol. 2011;34(4):291-297. DOI: 10.1159/000330699</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astor BC, Köttgen A, Hwang SJ, Bhavsar N, Fox CS, Coresh J. Trefoil factor 3 predicts incident chronic kidney disease: a case-control study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am J Nephrol. 2011;34(4):291-297. DOI: 10.1159/000330699</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka K, Sugiyama H, Yamanari T, Mise K, Morinaga H, Kitagawa M, Onishi A, Ogawa-Akiyama A, Tanabe K, Eguchi J, Ohmoto Y, Shikata K, Wada J. Renal expression of trefoil factor 3 mRNA in association with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018;23(9):855-862. DOI: 10.1111/nep.13444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka K, Sugiyama H, Yamanari T, Mise K, Morinaga H, Kitagawa M, Onishi A, Ogawa-Akiyama A, Tanabe K, Eguchi J, Ohmoto Y, Shikata K, Wada J. Renal expression of trefoil factor 3 mRNA in association with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018;23(9):855-862. DOI: 10.1111/nep.13444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rinnert M, Hinz M, Buhtz P, Reiher F, Lessel W, Hoffmann W. Synthesis and localization of trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides in the human urinary tract and TFF2 excretion into the urine. Cell Tissue Res. 2010;339(3):639-647. DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0913-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rinnert M, Hinz M, Buhtz P, Reiher F, Lessel W, Hoffmann W. Synthesis and localization of trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides in the human urinary tract and TFF2 excretion into the urine. Cell Tissue Res. 2010;339(3):639-647. DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0913-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang JX, Blaskovich MA, Cooper MA. Cell- and biomarker-based assays for predicting nephrotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014;10(12):1621-1635. DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.967681</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang JX, Blaskovich MA, Cooper MA. Cell- and biomarker-based assays for predicting nephrotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014;10(12):1621-1635. DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.967681</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobs RA, Meinild AK, Nordsborg NB, Lundby C. Lactate oxidation in human skeletal muscle mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;304(7):E686-94. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00476.2012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobs RA, Meinild AK, Nordsborg NB, Lundby C. Lactate oxidation in human skeletal muscle mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;304(7):E686-94. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00476.2012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaidya VS, Ferguson MA, Bonventre JV. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;48:463-493. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094615</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaidya VS, Ferguson MA, Bonventre JV. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;48:463-493. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094615</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polyanska M, Arner A, Malmquist U, Uvelius B. Lactate dehydrogenase activity and isoform distribution in the rat urinary bladder: effects of outlet obstruction and its removal. J Urol. 1993;150(2 Pt 1):543-545. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35543-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyanska M, Arner A, Malmquist U, Uvelius B. Lactate dehydrogenase activity and isoform distribution in the rat urinary bladder: effects of outlet obstruction and its removal. J Urol. 1993;150(2 Pt 1):543-545. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35543-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амдий Р.Э., Аль-Шукри С.Х. Связь между уродинамическими показателями и функцией почек у больных доброкачественной гиперплазией предстательной железы. Урологические ведомости. 2012;2(1):12-15. DOI: 10.17816/uroved2112-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amdiy R.E., Al-Shukri S.K. Relation between urodynamic indexes and kidneys function in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Urology reports (St.-Petersburg). 2012;2(1):12-15. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17816/uroved2112-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rex N, Melk A, Schmitt R. Cellular senescence and kidney aging. Clin Sci (Lond). 2023;137(24):1805-1821. DOI: 10.1042/CS20230140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rex N, Melk A, Schmitt R. Cellular senescence and kidney aging. Clin Sci (Lond). 2023;137(24):1805-1821. DOI: 10.1042/CS20230140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu CH, Wu HHH, Lin TP, Huang YH, Chung HJ, Kuo JY, Huang WJ, Lu SH, Chang YH, Lin ATL. Is intravesical prostatic protrusion a risk factor for hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency in benign prostate hyperplasia patients? J Chin Med Assoc. 2019;82(5):381-384. DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu CH, Wu HHH, Lin TP, Huang YH, Chung HJ, Kuo JY, Huang WJ, Lu SH, Chang YH, Lin ATL. Is intravesical prostatic protrusion a risk factor for hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency in benign prostate hyperplasia patients? J Chin Med Assoc. 2019;82(5):381-384. DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luis-Lima S, Escamilla-Cabrera B, Negrín-Mena N, Estupiñán S, Delgado-Mallén P, Marrero-Miranda D, González-Rinne A, Miquel-Rodríguez R, Cobo-Caso MÁ, Hernández-Guerra M, Oramas J, Batista N, Aldea-Perona A, Jorge-Pérez P, González-Alayón C, Moreno-Sanfiel M, González-Rodríguez JA, Henríquez L, Alonso-Pescoso R, Díaz-Martín L, González-Rinne F, Lavín-Gómez BA, Galindo-Hernández J, Sánchez-Gallego M, González-Delgado A, Jiménez-Sosa A, Torres A, Porrini E. Chronic kidney disease staging with cystatin C or creatinine-based formulas: flipping the coin. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(2):287-294. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy086</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luis-Lima S, Escamilla-Cabrera B, Negrín-Mena N, Estupiñán S, Delgado-Mallén P, Marrero-Miranda D, González-Rinne A, Miquel-Rodríguez R, Cobo-Caso MÁ, Hernández-Guerra M, Oramas J, Batista N, Aldea-Perona A, Jorge-Pérez P, González-Alayón C, Moreno-Sanfiel M, González-Rodríguez JA, Henríquez L, Alonso-Pescoso R, Díaz-Martín L, González-Rinne F, Lavín-Gómez BA, Galindo-Hernández J, Sánchez-Gallego M, González-Delgado A, Jiménez-Sosa A, Torres A, Porrini E. Chronic kidney disease staging with cystatin C or creatinine-based formulas: flipping the coin. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(2):287-294. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy086</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alaini A, Malhotra D, Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos CP, Khitan ZJ, Raj DSC, Rohrscheib M, Shapiro JI, Tzamaloukas AH. Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease: Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate. World J Methodol. 2017;7(3):73-92. DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i3.73</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alaini A, Malhotra D, Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos CP, Khitan ZJ, Raj DSC, Rohrscheib M, Shapiro JI, Tzamaloukas AH. Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease: Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate. World J Methodol. 2017;7(3):73-92. DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i3.73</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Branten AJ, Vervoort G, Wetzels JF. Serum creatinine is a poor marker of GFR in nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(4):707-711. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh719</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Branten AJ, Vervoort G, Wetzels JF. Serum creatinine is a poor marker of GFR in nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(4):707-711. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh719</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geißer D, Hetzel L, Westenfeld R, Boege F. Questionable Validity of Creatinine-Based eGFR in Elderly Patients but Cystatin C Is Helpful in First-Line Diagnostics. Geriatrics (Basel). 2023;8(6):120. DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geißer D, Hetzel L, Westenfeld R, Boege F. Questionable Validity of Creatinine-Based eGFR in Elderly Patients but Cystatin C Is Helpful in First-Line Diagnostics. Geriatrics (Basel). 2023;8(6):120. DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Острое повреждение почек». Cсылка активна на 11.09.2023. https://rusnephrology.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/AKI_final.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines “Acute kidney injury.” Accessув September 11, 2023. (In Russian). https://rusnephrology.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/AKI_final.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
