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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2024-12-4-34-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-918</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспрессия экзосомальных микроРНК miR-34a и miR-210 при мужском бесплодии: связь с морфокинетическими параметрами и фрагментацией ДНК сперматозоидов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expression of exosomal microRNAs miR-34a and miR-210 in male infertility: relationship with morphokinetic parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5871-5151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимов</surname><given-names>Ш. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimov</surname><given-names>Sh. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галимов Шамиль Нариманович — д-р мед. наук, профессор.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shamil N. Galimov — Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sngalim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-7669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимова</surname><given-names>Э. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimova</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галимова Эльмира Фанисовна — д-р мед. наук, доцент.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elmira F. Galimova — Dr.Sc.(Med), Assoc.Prof. (Docent).</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">efgalimova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-5632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилязова</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyazova</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гилязова Ирина Ришатовна — канд. биол. наук, доцент.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina R. Gilyazova — Cand.Sc.(Biol), Assoc.Prof. (Docent).</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gilyasova_irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-660X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громенко</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromenko</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громенко Иван Дмитриевич.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan D. Gromenko.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3373-0873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громенко</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromenko</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громенко Юлия Юрьевна — канд. мед. наук.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia Yu. Gromenko — Cand.Sc.(Med).</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@medufa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5638-1779</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громенко</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromenko</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громенко Дарья Дмитриевна.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria D. Gromenko.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dasha.gromenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-4380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимов</surname><given-names>К. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimov</surname><given-names>K. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галимов Камиль Шамилевич.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kamil Sh. Galimov.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamil9819@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7381-9814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенко</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenko</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котенко Валентина Дмитриевна.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina D. Kotenko.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotenko.tina1@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7729-1287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткешелашвили</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkeshelashvili</surname><given-names>T. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткешелашвили Теона Зурабовна.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teona Z. Tkeshelashvili.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teona.teottz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-5532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдеева</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdeeva</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдеева Гульшат Руслановна.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulshat R. Abdeeva.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulshatik2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0151-9114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвицкий</surname><given-names>П. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvitsky</surname><given-names>P. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвицкий Пётр Францевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Peter F. Litvitskiy — Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof., Corr. Mbr. of the RAS.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litvitskiy_p_f@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Валентин Николаевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор, акад. РАН.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin N. Pavlov — Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof., Acad. of the RAS.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpavlov3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; Институт биохимии и генетики — Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр «Семья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Center «Family»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галимов Ш.Н., Галимова Э.Ф., Гилязова И.Р., Громенко И.Д., Громенко Ю.Ю., Громенко Д.Д., Галимов К.Ш., Котенко В.Д., Ткешелашвили Т.З., Абдеева Г.Р., Литвицкий П.Ф., Павлов В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галимов Ш.Н., Галимова Э.Ф., Гилязова И.Р., Громенко И.Д., Громенко Ю.Ю., Громенко Д.Д., Галимов К.Ш., Котенко В.Д., Ткешелашвили Т.З., Абдеева Г.Р., Литвицкий П.Ф., Павлов В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galimov S.N., Galimova E.F., Gilyazova I.R., Gromenko I.D., Gromenko Y.Y., Gromenko D.D., Galimov K.S., Kotenko V.D., Tkeshelashvili T.Z., Abdeeva G.R., Litvitsky P.F., Pavlov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/918">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/918</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Бесплодием страдают десятки миллионов мужчин и женщин во всём мире. Примерно в половине случаев причиной недуга являются мужчины. В последние десятилетия наблюдается существенное снижение качества эякулята у мужчин, что проявляется уменьшением концентрации и подвижности сперматозоидов. Недостаточная диагностическая и прогностическая ценность результатов рутинного анализа спермы ставит задачу по разработке эффективных диагностических инструментов и поиску надёжных биомаркеров мужского бесплодия. Наиболее перспективным из них может стать оценка экспрессии микроРНК сперматозоидов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить роль экзосомальных микроРНК miR-34a и miR-210 сперматозоидов в развитии мужского бесплодия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включены 150 мужчин в возрасте 25 – 49 лет; из них 96 пациентов — с диагнозом идиопатического бесплодия. Группу сравнения составили 54 фертильных мужчины. Для оценки структуры и подвижности сперматозоидов использовали результаты стандартного исследования эякулята (ВОЗ, 2021) и компьютерного анализа данных с использованием программного обеспечения MMC Sperm (MMCSoft, Санкт-Петербург, РФ). Оценка степени фрагментации ДНК осуществлялась методом TUNEL. Для анализа экспрессии miR-34a и miR-210 проводили количественную ПЦР в реальном времени с использованием набора miRCURY LNA SYBR Green PCR Kit («Qiagen» GmbH, Hilden, Germany) и системы обнаружения продуктов ПЦР Rotor-Gene Q («Qiagen» GmbH, Hilden, Germany).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Изучение эякулята методом Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis System (CASA) выявило статистически достоверную связь уровня фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов с показателями скорости их движения: прямолинейного (VSL) (r = -0,522726; р &lt; 0,01), криволинейного (VCL) (r = -0,499096; р &lt; 0,01), по среднему пути (VAP) (r = -0,429533; р &lt; 0,01), а также с амплитудой бокового смещения головки (ALH) (r = -0,294779, р &lt; 0,01), линейностью их криволинейного пути (LIN) (r = -0,385796; р &lt; 0,01), степенью прямолинейно направленных движений (STR) (r = -0,268248; р &lt; 0,05) и их прогрессивной подвижностью (r = -0,411547; р &lt; 0,01). Исследование уровня экспрессии микроРНК в экзосомах сперматозоидов выявило статистически значимое снижение её микроРНК-34а пула (р = 0,0116). Согласно шкале Chaddock, сила корреляционной связи между экспрессией miR-210 и эффективностью программ ВРТ была выражена умеренно (0,437993). Обратная зависимость экспрессии miR-34a с результатами ЭКО и ИКСИ была слабой (0,135314).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты биоинформационного анализа уровня экзосомальных микроРНК-34а и микроРНК-210, участвующих в регуляции процессов сперматогенеза, свидетельствуют о прямой связи их изменений с динамикой кинетических и морфологических показателей гамет, а также с состоянием процесса фрагментации их ДНК. Эти данные позволяют говорить о разных уровнях экспрессии генов у бесплодных пациентов и мужчин с доказанной фертильностью, а также у пациентов с успешными и повторными неудачными исходами процедуры ВРТ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Infertility affects tens of millions of men and women across the globe. In approximately half of cases, male factors are the cause of infertility. In recent decades, there has been a significant decline in the quality of male ejaculate, which is characterized by reduced sperm concentration and motility. The insufficient diagnostic and prognostic value of routine semen analysis results highlights the challenge of developing effective diagnostic tools and searching for reliable biomarkers of male infertility. One of the most promising approaches may be assessing sperm microRNA expression.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the role of sperm exosomal microRNAs miR-34a and miR-210 in the development of male infertility.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. The retrospective study included 150 men aged 25 – 49 years; of these, 96 patients were diagnosed with idiopathic infertility. The comparison group consisted of 54 fertile men. To assess the structure and motility of sperm, the results of a standard ejaculate study (WHO, 2021) and computer data analysis using MMC Sperm (MMCSoft, St. Petersburg, Russia) software were used. The degree of DNA fragmentation was assessed using the TUNEL method. To analyze the expression of miR-34a and miR-210, quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the miRCURY LNA SYBR Green PCR Kit («Qiagen» GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and the Rotor-Gene Q PCR product detection system («Qiagen» GmbH, Hilden, Germany).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study of ejaculate using the Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis System (CASA) method revealed a statistically significant relationship between the level of DNA fragmentation of sperm and indicators of the speed of their movement: rectilinear (VSL) (r = -0.522726; p &lt; 0.01), curvilinear (VCL) (r = -0.499096; p &lt; 0.01), along the middle path (VAP) (r = -0.429533; p &lt; 0.01), as well as with the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) (r = -0.294779, p &lt; 0.01), the linearity of their curvilinear path (LIN) (r = -0.385796; p &lt; 0.01), the degree of straight-line movements (STR) (r = -0.268248; p &lt; 0.05) and their progressive mobility (r = -0.411547; p &lt; 0.01). A study of the level of microRNA expression in sperm exosomes revealed a statistically significant decrease in its miRNA-34a pool (p = 0.0116). According to the Chaddock scale, the strength of the correlation between miR-210 expression and the effectiveness of ART programs was moderate (0.437993). The inverse relationship between miR-34a expression and IVF and ICSI results was weak (0.135314).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analysis of exosomal microRNA-34a and microRNA-210, which are involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis, reveals a direct correlation between their variations and changes in the kinetic and morphological parameters of gametes. It also indicates a relationship with the state of DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest varying levels of gene expression among infertile patients, men with proven fertility, and those undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, both with successful and repeated unsuccessful outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мужское бесплодие</kwd><kwd>микроРНК-34а</kwd><kwd>микроРНК-210</kwd><kwd>фрагментация ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>male infertility</kwd><kwd>microRNA-34a</kwd><kwd>microRNA-210</kwd><kwd>DNA fragmentation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке РНФ в рамках гранта № 23-25-00140.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 23-25-00140.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carson SA, Kallen AN. 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