<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2024-12-3-53-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-881</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиота мочи при немышечно-инвазивном раке мочевого пузыря и подходы к её выявлению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urine microbiota in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and approaches to its detection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-0169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Иосифович Коган — д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Kogan — Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof., Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dept_kogan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-7024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набока</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naboka</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Лазаревна Набока — д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia L. Naboka — Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nagu22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-5665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Вячеславович Рыжкин</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Ryzhkin</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.ryzhkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-7848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудима</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudima</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Александровна Гудима — д-р мед. наук, доцент</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Gudima — Dr.Sc.(Med), Assoc.Prof. (Docent)</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nagu22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-8167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Георгиевич Иванов — канд. мед. наук</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Ivanov — Cand.Sc.(Med)</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rosanivanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-937X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Никитич Иванов</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Ivanov</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanovsergey19@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-4521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Николаевич Васильев — д-р мед. наук, доцент</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Vasilyev — Dr.Sc.(Med), Assoc.Prof. (Docent)</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilyev_on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-9357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Павлович Глухов — д-р мед. наук, доцент</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Glukhov — Dr.Sc.(Med), Assoc.Prof. (Docent) </p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docc.gvp@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-8567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильяш</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyash</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Владимировна Ильяш — канд. мед. наук</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Ilyash — Cand.Sc.(Med)</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annailyash@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-2582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизякин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizyakin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Владимирович Сизякин — д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Sizyakin — Dr.Sc. (Med), Full Prof.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dsiziakin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коган М.И., Набока Ю.Л., Рыжкин А.В., Гудима И.А., Иванов А.Г., Иванов С.Н., Васильев О.Н., Глухов В.П., Ильяш А.В., Сизякин Д.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коган М.И., Набока Ю.Л., Рыжкин А.В., Гудима И.А., Иванов А.Г., Иванов С.Н., Васильев О.Н., Глухов В.П., Ильяш А.В., Сизякин Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kogan M.I., Naboka Y.L., Ryzhkin A.V., Gudima I.A., Ivanov A.G., Ivanov S.N., Vasiliev O.N., Glukhov V.P., Ilyash A.V., Sizyakin D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/881">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/881</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Существуют данные о связи инфекционно-воспалительного поражения нижних мочевых путей и рака мочевого пузыря (РМП). Однако данные о микробиоте мочи мужчин среднего и пожилого возрастов с подозрением на рак мочевого пузыря практически отсутствуют. Эти знания крайне важны с точки зрения изучения роли инфекционно-воспалительной гипотезы в генезе РМП.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Провести сравнительную оценку микробиоты мочепузырной мочи, полученной при естественном мочеиспускании и катетеризации мочевого пузыря, путём стандартного и расширенного культурального исследования у мужчин с предположительным диагнозом немышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное сравнительное с последовательным набором пациентов исследование включены 23 мужчины в возрасте старше 45 лет с подозрением на немышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря, основанным на клинико-лабораторных и сонографических данных, а также с отсутствием в анамнезе инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний почек и мочевых путей, в том числе инфекций, передающихся половым путём, и рецидивирующих инфекций других органов и систем. Бактериологическому анализу подвергали среднюю порцию свежевыпущенной мочепузырной мочи и мочу, полученную уретральным катетером непосредственно перед уретроцистоскопией. Бактериологическое исследование мочи проводили на стандартный набор питательных сред в аэробных условиях культивирования и на расширенный набор питательных сред в аэробных и анаэробных условиях культивирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В моче пациентов с подозрением на РМП преимущественно выявляли анаэробный спектр микроорганизмов. При этом среди анаэробных таксонов чаще обнаруживали Peptococcus spp. (70%), Eubacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp. (по 45% соответственно), среди представителей аэробного спектра — Corynebacterium spp. (60%), S. lentus (до 45%), S. haemolyticus (35%) и E. faecalis (30%). Данные сравнительного анализа частот выявляемости микроорганизмов в зависимости от метода забора материала и набора сред для культивирования показали, что в средней порции мочи выделяется больше изолятов чем при исследовании катетерной мочи (в 2,9 и 1,9 раза при стандартном и расширенном наборах сред соответственно). Кроме того, при выполнении расширенного бактериологического исследования в сравнении со стандартной методикой выявляемость микроорганизмов в 3,5 выше при исследовании средней порции мочи и в 5,1 раза — при исследовании катетерной мочи. Среднее количество микроорганизмов на 1 пациента также больше при использовании расширенной методики (средняя порция — 4,7 ± 1,9; катетертная моча — 2,3 ± 1,0) в сравнении со стандартными (средняя порция — 1,3 ± 0,9; катетертная моча — 0,3 ± 0,5).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Мужчинам среднего и пожилого возрастов с немышечно-инвазивным РМП свойственна асимптомная бактериурия в виде широкого спектра аэробных и анаэробных микроорганизмов. Паттерн мочи, полученной уретральным катетером, содержит достоверно более узкий спектр бактерий в сравнении с образцом, полученным при естественном мочеиспускании. Расширенное культуральное исследование мочи для изучения особенностей микробиоты / микробиома мочи мочевого пузыря целесообразно производить непосредственно перед процедурой цистоскопии путём забора мочи уретральным катетером.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. There is evidence of a connection between infectious and inflammatory lesions of the lower urinary tract and bladder cancer (BCa). However, there is virtually no data on the urine microbiota of middle-aged and elderly men with suspected BCa. This knowledge is extremely important from the point of view of studying the role of the infectious-inflammatory hypothesis in the genesis of BCa.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To conduct a comparative assessment of the microbiota of bladder urine obtained during natural urination and bladder catheterization through standard and extended cultural studies in men with a presumptive diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. The prospective comparative study with consecutive patient recruitment included 23 men older than 45 years with suspected NMIBC based on clinical, laboratory and sonographic data, as well as with no history of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, including sexually transmitted infections and recurrent infections of other organs and systems. A midstream urine samples and catheter-drained urine immediately before urethrocystoscopy were subjected to bacteriological analysis. Urine culture study was carried out using a standard set of nutrient media under aerobic cultivation conditions and an expanded set of nutrient media under aerobic and anaerobic cultivation conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An anaerobic spectrum of microorganisms was predominantly detected in the urine of patients with suspected NMIBC. Moreover, Peptococcus spp. was more often found among anaerobic taxa. (70%), Eubacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp. (45% each, respectively), among representatives of the aerobes — Corynebacterium spp. (60%), S. lentus (up to 45%), S. haemolyticus (35%) and E. faecalis (30%). Data from a comparative analysis of the detection frequencies of microorganisms depending on the method of collecting material and the set of media for cultivation showed that more isolates are isolated in the midstream urine samples than in the study of catheter urine (2.9- and 1.9-fold with the standard and extended sets of media, respectively). In addition, when performing an extended bacteriological study compared to the standard method, the detection of microorganisms is 3.5-fold higher when examining an average portion of urine and 5.1-fold higher when examining catheter urine. The average number of microorganisms per one patient is also higher when using the extended method (midstream portion — 4.7 ± 1.9; catheterised urine — 2.3 ± 1.0) in comparison with the standard one (midstream portion — 1.3 ± 0.9; catheterised urine — 0.3 ± 0.5).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Middle-aged and older men with NMIBC are characterized by asymptomatic bacteriuria in the form of a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The urine pattern obtained with a urethral catheter contains a significantly narrower range of bacteria compared to the sample obtained through natural urination. It is advisable to carry out an extended cultural urine examination to study the characteristics of the microbiota / microbiome of the urine of the bladder immediately before the urethrocystoscopy procedure by collecting urine with a urethral catheter.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>немышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>микрбиота</kwd><kwd>инфекция мочевых путей</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>non-muscle invasive bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infection</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng Z, Tang N, Xiong W, Lei X, Zhang T, Yang N. Inflammation-related research within the field of bladder cancer: a bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1126897. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126897</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng Z, Tang N, Xiong W, Lei X, Zhang T, Yang N. Inflammation-related research within the field of bladder cancer: a bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1126897. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126897</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vermeulen SH, Hanum N, Grotenhuis AJ, Castaño-Vinyals G, van der Heijden AG, Aben KK, Mysorekar IU, Kiemeney LA. Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(3):594-600. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.601</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vermeulen SH, Hanum N, Grotenhuis AJ, Castaño-Vinyals G, van der Heijden AG, Aben KK, Mysorekar IU, Kiemeney LA. Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(3):594-600. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.601</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang CH, Chou YH, Yeh HW, Huang JY, Yang SF, Yeh CB. Risk of Cancer after Lower Urinary Tract Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(3):390. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang CH, Chou YH, Yeh HW, Huang JY, Yang SF, Yeh CB. Risk of Cancer after Lower Urinary Tract Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(3):390. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030390</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pottegård A, Kristensen KB, Friis S, Hallas J, Jensen JB, Nørgaard M. Urinary tract infections and risk of squamous cell carcinoma bladder cancer: A Danish nationwide case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2020;146(7):1930-1936. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32842</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pottegård A, Kristensen KB, Friis S, Hallas J, Jensen JB, Nørgaard M. Urinary tract infections and risk of squamous cell carcinoma bladder cancer: A Danish nationwide case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2020;146(7):1930-1936. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32842</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kogan MI, Naboka YL, Ibishev KS, Gudima IA, Naber KG. Human urine is not sterile - shift of paradigm. Urol Int. 2015;94(4):445-552. DOI: 10.1159/000369631</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kogan MI, Naboka YL, Ibishev KS, Gudima IA, Naber KG. Human urine is not sterile - shift of paradigm. Urol Int. 2015;94(4):445-552. DOI: 10.1159/000369631</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Набока Ю.Л., Рымашевский А.Н., Коган М.И., Гудима И.А., Боровлева О.А., Джалагония К.Т., Заруцкий С.А. Микробиота мочи и влагалища здоровых женщин постменопаузального возраста (пилотное исследование). Урология. 2016;(1):13-19. eLIBRARY ID: 25849372 EDN: VTRFED</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Набока Ю.Л., Рымашевский А.Н., Коган М.И., Гудима И.А., Боровлева О.А., Джалагония К.Т., Заруцкий С.А. Микробиота мочи и влагалища здоровых женщин постменопаузального возраста (пилотное исследование). Урология. 2016;(1):13-19. eLIBRARY ID: 25849372 EDN: VTRFED</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilt EE, McKinley K, Pearce MM, Rosenfeld AB, Zilliox MJ, Mueller ER, Brubaker L, Gai X, Wolfe AJ, Schreckenberger PC. Urine is not sterile: use of enhanced urine culture techniques to detect resident bacterial flora in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(3):871-876. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02876-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hilt EE, McKinley K, Pearce MM, Rosenfeld AB, Zilliox MJ, Mueller ER, Brubaker L, Gai X, Wolfe AJ, Schreckenberger PC. Urine is not sterile: use of enhanced urine culture techniques to detect resident bacterial flora in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(3):871-876. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02876-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochstedler BR, Burnett L, Price TK, Jung C, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L. Urinary microbiota of women with recurrent urinary tract infection: collection and culture methods. Int Urogynecol J. 2022;33(3):563-570. DOI: 10.1007/s00192-021-04780-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochstedler BR, Burnett L, Price TK, Jung C, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L. Urinary microbiota of women with recurrent urinary tract infection: collection and culture methods. Int Urogynecol J. 2022;33(3):563-570. DOI: 10.1007/s00192-021-04780-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ. The female urinary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(2):34. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.62</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ. The female urinary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(2):34. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.62</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas-White KJ, Kliethermes S, Rickey L, Lukacz ES, Richter HE, Moalli P, Zimmern P, Norton P, Kusek JW, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network. Evaluation of the urinary microbiota of women with uncomplicated stress urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(1):55.e1-55.e16. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas-White KJ, Kliethermes S, Rickey L, Lukacz ES, Richter HE, Moalli P, Zimmern P, Norton P, Kusek JW, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network. Evaluation of the urinary microbiota of women with uncomplicated stress urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(1):55.e1-55.e16. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansen TEB, Wagenlehner FME, Cho YH, Matsumoto T, Krieger JN, Shoskes D, Naber K. Urogenital Infections and Inflammations. Arnhem: European Association of Urology; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansen TEB, Wagenlehner FME, Cho YH, Matsumoto T, Krieger JN, Shoskes D, Naber K. Urogenital Infections and Inflammations. Arnhem: European Association of Urology; 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2022 году. Под ред. Каприна А.Д., Старинского В.В., Шахзадовой А.О. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИРЦ» Минздрава России, 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2022 году. Под ред. Каприна А.Д., Старинского В.В., Шахзадовой А.О. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИРЦ» Минздрава России, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Бактериологический анализ мочи». М., 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Клинические рекомендации «Бактериологический анализ мочи». М., 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коган М.И., Набока Ю.Л., Гудима И.А., Рымашевский А.Н., Воробьева Н.В., Рымашевский М.А. Микробиота свежевыделенной средней порции мочи у женщин в I триместре беременности (пилотное исследование). Проблемы репродукции. 2023;29(5):73‑78. DOI: 10.17116/repro20232905173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Коган М.И., Набока Ю.Л., Гудима И.А., Рымашевский А.Н., Воробьева Н.В., Рымашевский М.А. Микробиота свежевыделенной средней порции мочи у женщин в I триместре беременности (пилотное исследование). Проблемы репродукции. 2023;29(5):73‑78. DOI: 10.17116/repro20232905173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis DA, Brown R, Williams J, White P, Jacobson SK, Marchesi JR, Drake MJ. The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013;3:41. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis DA, Brown R, Williams J, White P, Jacobson SK, Marchesi JR, Drake MJ. The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013;3:41. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ. The new world of the urinary microbiota in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(5):644-649. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ. The new world of the urinary microbiota in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(5):644-649. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Набока Ю.Л., Коган М.И., Васильева Л.И., Гудима И.А., Мирошниченко Е.А., Ибишев Х.С. Бактериальная микст-инфекция у женщин с хроническим рецидивирующим циститом. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2011;(1):8-12. eLIBRARY ID: 19059389; EDN: QBBZQF</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Набока Ю.Л., Коган М.И., Васильева Л.И., Гудима И.А., Мирошниченко Е.А., Ибишев Х.С. Бактериальная микст-инфекция у женщин с хроническим рецидивирующим циститом. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2011;(1):8-12. eLIBRARY ID: 19059389; EDN: QBBZQF</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pearce MM, Zilliox MJ, Rosenfeld AB, Thomas-White KJ, Richter HE, Nager CW, Visco AG, Nygaard IE, Barber MD, Schaffer J, Moalli P, Sung VW, Smith AL, Rogers R, Nolen TL, Wallace D, Meikle SF, Gai X, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. The female urinary microbiome in urgency urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(3):347.e1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pearce MM, Zilliox MJ, Rosenfeld AB, Thomas-White KJ, Richter HE, Nager CW, Visco AG, Nygaard IE, Barber MD, Schaffer J, Moalli P, Sung VW, Smith AL, Rogers R, Nolen TL, Wallace D, Meikle SF, Gai X, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. The female urinary microbiome in urgency urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(3):347.e1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коган М.И., Набока Ю.Л., Рыжкин А.В., Васильев О.Н. Микробиота/микробиом мочи и рак мочевого пузыря. Онкоурология. 2020;16(2):97-103. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-97-103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Коган М.И., Набока Ю.Л., Рыжкин А.В., Васильев О.Н. Микробиота/микробиом мочи и рак мочевого пузыря. Онкоурология. 2020;16(2):97-103. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-2-97-103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bučević Popović V, Šitum M, Chow CT, Chan LS, Roje B, Terzić J. The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12157. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29054-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bučević Popović V, Šitum M, Chow CT, Chan LS, Roje B, Terzić J. The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12157. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29054-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manoni F, Gessoni G, Alessio MG, Caleffi A, Saccani G, Silvestri MG, Poz D, Ercolin M, Tinello A, Valverde S, Ottomano C, Lippi G. Mid-stream vs. first-voided urine collection by using automated analyzers for particle examination in healthy subjects: an Italian multicenter study. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011;50(4):679-684. DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.823</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manoni F, Gessoni G, Alessio MG, Caleffi A, Saccani G, Silvestri MG, Poz D, Ercolin M, Tinello A, Valverde S, Ottomano C, Lippi G. Mid-stream vs. first-voided urine collection by using automated analyzers for particle examination in healthy subjects: an Italian multicenter study. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011;50(4):679-684. DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.823</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hourigan SK, Zhu W, S W Wong W, Clemency NC, Provenzano M, Vilboux T, Niederhuber JE, Deeken J, Chung S, McDaniel-Wiley K, Trump D. Studying the urine microbiome in superficial bladder cancer: samples obtained by midstream voiding versus cystoscopy. BMC Urol. 2020;20(1):5. DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-0576-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hourigan SK, Zhu W, S W Wong W, Clemency NC, Provenzano M, Vilboux T, Niederhuber JE, Deeken J, Chung S, McDaniel-Wiley K, Trump D. Studying the urine microbiome in superficial bladder cancer: samples obtained by midstream voiding versus cystoscopy. BMC Urol. 2020;20(1):5. DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-0576-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
