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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2024-12-1-69-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-831</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эндоскопическое удаление камней мочевых путей у пациентов с бессимптомной бактериурией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endoscopic stone surgery in patients having asymptomatic bacteriuria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-884X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малхасян</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkhasyan</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виген Андреевич Малхасян — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры урологии; заведующий урологическим отделением № 67</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vigen A. Malkhasyan — M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med); Prof., Dept. of Urology; Head, Urology Division No. 67</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vigenmalkhasyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиев</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhiev</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нариман Казиханович Гаджиев — д-р мед. наук; заместитель директора по медицинской части (урология)</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nariman K. Gadzhiev — M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med); Deputy Director for the Medical (Urology)</p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nariman.gadjiev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-0259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухих</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhikh</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Олегович Сухих — канд. мед. наук; врач-уролог урологического отделения № 67</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey O. Sukhikh — M.D., Сand.Sc.(Med); Urologist, Urology Division No. 67</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docsukhikh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3861-5586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор Георгиевич Мальцев — врач-уролог клинико-диагностического отделения</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor G. Maltsev — M.D.; Urologist, Clinical and Diagnostic Division</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zazazoo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9033-9977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киндаров</surname><given-names>И. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kindarov</surname><given-names>I. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ислам Заурович Киндаров — ординатор кафедры урологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Islam Z. Kindarov — Resident, Dept. of Urology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ika1995@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-5723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарь</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkar</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Юрьевич Пушкарь — д-р мед. наук, профессор, акад. РАН; заведующий кафедрой урологии; руководитель Московского урологического центра</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Yu. Pushkar — M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof., Acad. of the RAS; Head, Dept. of Urology; Head, Moscow Urological Centre</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkardm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины; Городская клиническая больница им. С. П. Боткина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine; Botkin State Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника высоких медицинских технологий им. Н. И. Пирогова — Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Clinic of Advanced Medical Technologies — St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница им. С. П. Боткина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botkin State Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малхасян В.А., Гаджиев Н.К., Сухих С.О., Мальцев Е.Г., Киндаров И.З., Пушкарь Д.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малхасян В.А., Гаджиев Н.К., Сухих С.О., Мальцев Е.Г., Киндаров И.З., Пушкарь Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malkhasyan V.A., Gadzhiev N.K., Sukhikh S.O., Maltsev E.G., Kindarov I.Z., Pushkar D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/831">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/831</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. На сегодняшний день основным видом лечения пациентов с конкрементами верхних мочевых путей являются различные виды эндоскопических операций, показывающее высокую эффективность. Тем не менее эти методы сопряжены с риском развития постоперационных инфекционных осложнений, основным фактором риска которых является положительный посев мочи. Учитывая возможность выявления устойчивой бессимптомной бактериурии у данной категории больных, а также отсутствие чётких алгоритмов и схем терапии бактериурии перед эндоскопическими вмешательствами проведение сравнительного анализа инфекционных осложнений у пациентов со стерильной мочой и бактериурией, подвергающихся эндоскопическому удалению камней верхних мочевых путей является актуальной задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Анализ вероятности возникновения инфекционных осложнений у пациентов, подвергающихся эндоскопическому удалению камней ВМП, в том числе имеющих перед операцией данные за бессимптомную бактериурию</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено когортное, ретроспективное исследование данных пациентов, которые подверглись эндоскопическому удалению камней почек и мочеточника в период с января 2023 года по июль 2023 года. Из отобранных 449 историй болезни пациентов в дальнейший анализ были включены 211 пациентов, соответствующих установленным критериям включения и невключения. При первичном стерильном посеве мочи антибактериальная профилактика назначалась за несколько часов до операции, при клинически незначимой бактериурии — за 3 дня до операции, при клинически значимой бактериурии — за 7 дней до операции со сдачей контрольного посева мочи и определения антибактериальной профилактики по предложенной методике.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам статистического анализа первичный стерильный посев мочи диагностирован у 152 (72,0%) пациентов, тогда как у 59 пациентов 28% [22%; 34,5%] выявлена бактериурия, из них у 28 пациентов 13,3% [9%; 18,6%] выявлена клинически значимая бактериурия в титре ≥ 105 КОЕ/мл. После курса антибактериальной терапии бактериурия сохранилась у 6 пациентов (22%). В послеоперационном периоде лейкоцитоз выше 12×109/л отмечен у 54 пациентов (25,6%), гипертермия — у 17 пациентов (8,1%), у 11 пациентов (5,2%) подъём температуры сопровождался лейкоцитозом. У 1 (0,5%) пациента отмечено появление системной воспалительной реакции. По результатам многофакторной логистической регрессии выявлены статистически значимые связи между вероятностью развития гипертермии и бактериурией непосредственно перед операцией. Положительный посев мочи увеличивает шанс возникновения гипертермии в 4,75 раз (ОШ = 4,75, 95% ДИ [1,222; 18,803], р = 0,023). Факторами, влияющими на развитие лейкоцитоза, являлись такие переменные, как объём конкремента (р = 0,008) и дренирование верхних мочевых путей стентом (р = 0,006). При этом наличие стента снижает шанс (ОШ = 0,154, 95% ДИ [0,033; 0,512], р = 0,006) возникновения лейкоцитоза, а объём конкремента увеличивает шанс возникновения лейкоцитоза в 1,54 раза при увеличении на 1 см3 (ОШ = 1,543, 95% ДИ [1,128; 2,158], р = 0,008).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Бактериурия является значимым фактором риска инфекционных осложнений, предварительный курс специфической антибактериальной терапии позволяет добиться стерильного посева мочи в подавляющем большинстве случаев. Расширенные курсы антибактериальной профилактики продолжительностью в 7 и 3 дня у пациентов с клинически значимой и клинически незначимой бактериурией, соответственно, представляются адекватными с точки зрения минимизации рисков постоперационных инфекционных осложнений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Endoscopic surgery for the treatment of urolithiasis is highly effective but is associated with the risk of infectious complications. Nevertheless, endoscopy is also associated with the risk of postoperative infectious complications, the primary risk factor being positive urine culture. Considering the possibility of detecting persistent asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in this patients amid the shortfall of clear algorithms and schemes of ASB management before endoscopy, a comparative analysis of infectious complications in patients with sterile urine and persistent ASB undergoing endoscopic surgery for renal and ureteral stones is an urgent task.</p></sec><sec><title>Оbjective</title><p>Оbjective. Analysis of the risk of infectious complications in patients undergoing endoscopic treatment of urinary stones, including those with preoperative evidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. We conducted a cohort, retrospective study of data from eligible patients who underwent endoscopic removal of renal and ureteral stones between January 2023 and July 2023. From the 449 patient records selected, 211 patients fulfilling the established inclusion and non-inclusion criteria were enrolled in further analyses. Antibacterial prophylaxis was administered a few hours before surgery for initial sterile urine culture, three days before surgery for clinically insignificant ASB, and seven days before surgery for clinically significant ASB, followed by repeat control urine culture and determination of antibacterial prophylaxis according to the proposed methodology.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A preoperative sterile urine culture was diagnosed in 152 patients (72.0%), while 59 patients 28% [22%; 34.5%] were found to have bacteriuria, of which 28 patients 13.3% [9%; 18.6%] had clinically significant bacteriuria at a titer of ≥ 105 CFU/mL. After antibiotic therapy, ASB persisted in six patients (22.0%). Accordingly, 37 patients 17.5% [12.79%; 23.4%] with clinically significant and insignificant ASB underwent endoscopic surgery. In the postoperative period, 54 patients (25.6%) had leukocytosis, 17 patients (8.1%) had hyperthermia, and 11 patients (5.2%) had fever accompanied by leukocytosis One patient (0.5%) had an elevated procalcitonin level, which may indicate a systemic inflammatory response. Logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations between the probability of hyperthermia and bacteriuria. A positive urine culture increased the odds of hyperthermia 4.75-fold (OR = 4,75, 95% CI [1.222; 18.803], p = 0.023). Maximum stone size (p = 0.013), stone volume, and ureteral stent drainage (p = 0.006) were the factors influencing the development of leukocytosis. Moreover, the volume of the stone increases the odds of leukocytosis by 1.54 times (OR = 1.543, 95% CI [1.128; 2.158], p = 0.008) for a 1.0 cc enlargement.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Our study shows that a positive urine culture is a significant risk factor for infectious complications after endoscopic surgery. Prolonged courses of antibiotic prophylaxis lasting seven and three days in patients having clinically significant and clinically insignificant ASB, respectively, seem adequate to minimize the risk of postoperative infectious complications. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекционные осложнения</kwd><kwd>посев мочи</kwd><kwd>бактериурия</kwd><kwd>гибкая уретерореноскопия</kwd><kwd>перкутанная нефролитотомия</kwd><kwd>контактная уретеролитотрипсия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney stones</kwd><kwd>ureteral stones</kwd><kwd>asymptomatic bacteriuria</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>bacteriology study</kwd><kwd>endoscopy</kwd><kwd>flexible ureteroscopy</kwd><kwd>percutaneous nephrolithotomy</kwd><kwd>ureterolithotripsy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadzhiev N, Prosyannikov M, Malkhasyan V, Akopyan G, Somani B, Sivkov A, Apolikhin O, Kaprin A. 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