urovestВестник урологииUrology Herald2308-6424Rostov State Medical University10.21886/2308-6424-2023-11-3-118-130urovest-762Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWS ARTICLEМикробиота / микробиом кожи полового члена у здоровых мужчин и при некоторых заболеванияхPenile skin microbiota / microbiome in healthy men and some diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-7024НабокаЮ. Л.NabokaYu. L.

Юлия Лазаревна Набока — д-р мед. наук, профессор; заведующая кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии №1

Ростов-на-Дону

Yulia L. Naboka — M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med), Prof.; Head, Dept. of Microbiology and Virology No.1

Rostov-on-Don

nagu22@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-8799КотиеваЕ. М.KotievaE. M.

Елизавета Михайловна Котиева — студентка

Ростов-на-Дону

Elizaveta M. Kotieva — Student

Rostov-on-Don

elizaveta.kotieva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1783-1073КотиеваВ. М.KotievaV. M.

Виолетта Михайловна Котиева — студентка

Ростов-на-Дону

Violetta M. Kotieva — Student

Rostov-on-Don

kotieva.violetta@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-0169КоганМ. И.KoganM. I.

Михаил Иосифович Коган — д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ; заведующий кафедрой урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека (с курсом детской урологии-андрологии)

Ростов-на-Дону

Mikhail I. Kogan — M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof., Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation; Head, Dept. of Urology, Pediatric Urology & Reproductive Health

Rostov-on-Don

dept_kogan@mail.ruРостовский государственный медицинский университетРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202305102023113118130Copyright © Набока Ю.Л., Котиева Е.М., Котиева В.М., Коган М.И., 20232023Набока Ю.Л., Котиева Е.М., Котиева В.М., Коган М.И.Naboka Y.L., Kotieva E.M., Kotieva V.M., Kogan M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/762

Изучение микробиоты / микробиома кожных покровов мужских половых органов актуально не только для понимания дефиниции «нормы» для данного биотопа, но и для корректной интерпретации результатов, полученных от пациентов с инфекционно-воспалительными заболеваниями или послеоперационными инфекционно-воспалительными осложнениями кожи этой области. Целью исследования является обобщение и критический анализ данных по обсеменённости микроорганизмами различных участков кожи полового члена путём проведения систематического обзора публикаций. Поиск привёл к отбору 8 статей, опубликованных в период с 2011 года по первую половину 2023 года, которые посвящены исследованию особенностей микробиоты / микробиома кожи полового члена в норме и при некоторых заболеваниях. Так, у сексуально активных здоровых мужчин микробиота / микробиом кожи полового члена отчасти отражает вагинальный микробиом половых партнёров. После незащищённого полового контакта в микробиоте полового члена увеличивается частота обнаружения и количество Lactobacillus. В целом на коже полового члена доминируют Corynebacteriaceae, реже регистрируют Prevotellaceae, неклостридиальные (нк) Clostridiales, Porphyromonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae, Anaerococcus. Существенное влияние на бактериальное разнообразие кожи полового члена оказывает обрезание. Несмотря на скудность данных по микробиоте / микробиому кожи полового члена при различных заболеваниях, были отмечены определённые взаимосвязи. Так, у сексуально активных здоровых мужчин-партнёров женщин с бактериальным вагинозом увеличивается число бактерий, ассоциированных с бактериальным вагинозом, и снижается — Corynebacterium. У ВИЧ-положительных мужчин на коже полового члена преобладают Staphylococcus, Faecalibacterium, Strenotrophominas, Jonquetella, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Pseudochrobactrum и Lamia. Также отмечено, что обрезание снижает риск развития ВПЧ и ВИЧ-инфекций. Знание не только бактериального, но и грибкового разнообразия микробиоты кожи полового члена имеет важное клиническое значение, ведь условно-патогенные дрожжеподобные грибы при определённых условиях могут вызывать ряд заболеваний. Таким образом, данный обзор представляет собой анализ микробного состава кожи полового члена в норме и при некоторых заболеваниях, выявивший огромный пробел в имеющихся знаниях о сообществах микроорганизмов кожи полового члена. Необходимы исследования, которые помогут детальнее изучить её микробный состав в норме и его влияние на результаты реконструктивно-пластических операций с использованием кожи полового члена.

The study of the cutaneous microbiota/microbiome of the male genital is relevant not only to understand "normality" for this biotope but also to correctly interpret the results obtained from patients with infectious-inflammatory diseases or postoperative infectious-inflammatory complications of penile skin. The study aimed to generalize and critically analyze data on microbial contamination of various areas of the penile skin by conducting a systematic review of publications. The search led to the selection of eight articles published in 2011 ­– 2023 that investigated the microbiota / microbiome features of the penile skin in health and some diseases. Thus, in sexually active healthy men, the penile skin microbiota / microbiome partly reflects the vaginal microbiome of sexual partners. After unprotected sexual contact, the frequency of detection and the number of Lactobacillus increase in the penile skin microbiota. In general, Corynebacteriaceae dominate on the penile skin, while Prevotellaceae, nc Clostridiales, Porphyromonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae, Anaerococcus are less frequently recorded. Circumcision has a significant effect on the bacterial diversity of the penile skin. Although data regarding the penile skin microbiota/microbiome in various diseases are scarce, certain interactions have been noted. Thus, in healthy sexually active male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis, the number of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis increases and Corynebacterium decreases. In HIV-positive men, Staphylococcus, Faecalibacterium, Strenotrophominas, Jonquetella, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Pseudochrobactrum and Lamia predominate on the penis skin. It is also noted that circumcision reduces the risk of HPV and HIV infections. Knowledge of not only the bacterial, but also fungal diversity of the penile skin microbiota is of great clinical importance, because conditionally pathogenic yeast-like fungi under certain conditions can cause a few diseases. Thus, this review analyses the microbial composition of penile skin in normal and some diseases, revealing a great gap in current knowledge of penile skin microbial assemblages. Studies are needed to better understand the microbial composition of normal penile skin and its impact on the results of reconstructive and plastic surgeries using penile skin.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.