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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2022-10-2-19-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-543</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трудности в дифференциальной диагностике обструктивной и необструктивной азооспермии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Difficulties in differential diagnosis between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-2714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамидов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamidov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафар Исраилович Гамидов – доктор медицинских наук, профессор; руководитель отделения андрологии и урологии; профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии института последипломного образования </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Safar I. Gamidov – M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.; Head, Urology and Andrology Division; Prof. Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Institute of Postgraduate Education </p><p>4 Acad. Oparina St., Moscow, 117997 </p><p>8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">safargamidov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-9236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатылко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatylko</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарас Валерьевич Шатылко – кандидат медицинских наук; врач-уролог отделения андрологии и урологии</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Taras V. Shatylko – M.D., Cand.Sc.(Med); Urologist, Urology and Andrology Division</p><p>4 Acad. Oparina St., Moscow, 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dialectic.law@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8151-0077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тамбиев</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tambiev</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алихан Халитович Тамбиев – аспирант кафедры акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологи института последипломного образования</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alikhan Kh. Tambiev – M.D.; Postgraduate student, Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Institute of Postgraduate Education </p><p>8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.tambiev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-9789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Натиг Гасанович Гасанов – научный сотрудник отделения андрологии и урологии </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natig G. Gasanov – M.D.; Researcher, Urology and Andrology Division</p><p>4 Acad. Oparina St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natiqhasan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-5602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алина Юрьевна Попова – кандидат медицинских наук; старший научный сотрудник отделения андрологии и урологии</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina yu. Popova – M.D., Cand.Sc.(Med); Researcher, Urology and Andrology Division</p><p>4 Acad. Oparina St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alina-dock@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-1874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альравашдех</surname><given-names>А. А.А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alravashdeh</surname><given-names>A. A.A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдальрахман Ахмад Абдраббух Альравашдех – аспирант кафедры акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии института последипломного образования </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdalrahman A.A. Alravashdeh – M.D.; Postgraduate student, Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Institute of Postgraduate Education</p><p>8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.abdalrahman1@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гамидов С.И., Шатылко Т.В., Тамбиев А.Х., Гасанов Н.Г., Попова А.Ю., Альравашдех А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гамидов С.И., Шатылко Т.В., Тамбиев А.Х., Гасанов Н.Г., Попова А.Ю., Альравашдех А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gamidov S.I., Shatylko T.V., Tambiev A.K., Gasanov N.G., Popova A.Y., Alravashdeh A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/543">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/543</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Различие между обструктивной азооспермии (ОА) и необструктивной азооспермией (НОА) имеет важное значение для выбора тактики лечения и адекватного консультирования супружеской пары.Цель исследования. Описать, проанализировать и классифицировать возможные проблемы дифференциальной диагностики двух типов азооспермии.Материалы и методы. Проведён ретроспективный анализ базы данных, в которую включили пациентов, перенесших попытки хирургического извлечения сперматозоидов в НМИЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. В.И. Кулакова (n = 754). Была сформирована выборка из 216 пациентов, которым на основании обследования предварительно был установлен диагноз ОА. Данные были сопоставлены с результатами гистологического исследования. сравнивали первоначальный и заключительный диагнозы. Все случаи несоответствия первоначального и заключительного диагнозов подвергали отдельному анализу.Результаты. У 216 пациентов первоначально была диагностирована ОА. у 131 (60,6%) из них имелись гистологические признаки, указывавшие на нарушение сперматогенеза. Многофакторный регрессионный анализ показал, что только регулярное воздействие высоких температур было независимым предиктором обнаружения НОА у пациентов с нормальными эндокринными и клиническими показателями (OR = 1,989; 95% CI = 1,101 – 3,595). Анализ дерева принятия решений показал, что пациенты с уровнем ингибина В ниже 93 пг/мл имели самый высокий риск неправильного первоначального диагноза (82,6%).Заключение. Дифференциальная диагностика ОА и НОА является непростой задачей. любой случай азооспермии на фоне нормального объёма эякулята по умолчанию должен рассматриваться как случай НОА, если нет анамнестических или клинических данных, чётко указывающих на обструкцию. Регулярное воздействие высокой температуры, вероятно, может спровоцировать азооспермию у мужчин с исходно тяжёлыми нарушениями сперматогенеза. Референсные значения ингибина B, предлагаемые большинством лабораторий, не предназначены для оценки репродуктивной функции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The difference between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia (OA and NOA) is important for the choice of treatment tactics and adequate counseling of a married couple.Objective. To describe, analyze, and classify possible challenges in differentiating between two types of azoospermiaMaterials and methods. The retrospective review of database on surgical sperm retrieval attempts performed our hospital (n = 754). A subpopulation of 216 patients who were preliminary diagnosed with OA, was selected for further analysis. All patients had testicular pathology data following sperm retrieval attempt. Rate of reclassification was assessed as a primary outcome. Reclassified cases were further analyzed to find a possible reason for incorrect differential diagnosis.Results. Among 216 patients with initially suspected OA, 131 (60.6%) had evidence of spermatogenic dysfunction on pathological examination of seminiferous tubules. Multivariate regression analysis showed that only regular exposure to high temperatures was an independent predictor of NOA detection in patients with normal endocrine and clinical parameters (OR = 1.989; 95% CI = 1.101 – 3.595). Analysis of the decision tree showed that patients with inhibin B levels below 93 pg/ml had the highest risk of an incorrect initial diagnosis (82.6%).Conclusions. Differential diagnosis of OA and NOA is not such a simple task. Any case of azoospermia against the background of normal semen volume by default should be considered as a case of NOA if there is no anamnestic or clinical data clearly indicating obstruction. Regular exposure to high temperature is likely to cause azoospermia in men with initially severe disorders of spermatogenesis. Finally, the reference values of inhibin B offered by most laboratories are not intended to assess reproductive function.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>необструктивная азооспермия</kwd><kwd>обструктивная азооспермия</kwd><kwd>гипертермия</kwd><kwd>ингибин-В</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-obstructive azoospermia</kwd><kwd>obstructive azoospermia</kwd><kwd>hyperthermia</kwd><kwd>inhibin B</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteves SC, Miyaoka R, Agarwal A. Surgical treatment of male infertility in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection – new insights. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(8):1463-78. DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000800026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteves SC, Miyaoka R, Agarwal A. Surgical treatment of male infertility in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection – new insights. 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