urovestВестник урологииUrology Herald2308-6424Rostov State Medical University10.21886/2308-6424-2022-10-1-110-120urovest-529Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWS ARTICLEВыявление рака предстательной железы у мужчин молодого и среднего возрастовOpportunities for early detection of prostate cancer in young and middle-aged menhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-743XСтарцевВ. Ю.StartsevV. Yu.

Владимир Юрьевич Старцев — доктор медицинских наук, профессор; профессор кафедры онкологии, детской онкологии и лучевой терапии; заведующий кафедрой урологии

г. Санкт-Петербург

Vladimir Yu. Startsev — M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.; Prof., Dept. of Oncology, Pediatric Oncology and Radiation Therapy; Head, Dept. of Urology

St. Petersburg

doc.urolog@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-9430ШпотьЕ. В.ShpotE. V.

Евгений Валерьевич Шпоть — доктор медицинских наук, профессор; профессор Института урологии и репродуктивного здоровья, заведующий урологическим отделением УКБ 2

г. Москва

Evgeniy V. Shpot — M.D., Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.; Prof., Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health; Head, Urology Division

Moscow

shpot@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-0783КараевД. К.KaraevD. K.

Джахандар Камандар оглы Караев — врач-уролог урологического отделения УКБ 2 

г. Москва

Jahandar K. Karaev — M.D.; Urologist,  Urology Division, University Clinical Hospital No. 2

Moscow

Jahandar96@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-8205КривоносовД. И.KrivonosovD. I.

Дмитрий Игоревич Кривоносов — врач-уролог

г. Санкт-Петербург

Dmitry I. Krivonosov — M.D.; Urologist

St. Petersburg

Doc.Krivonosov@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ЧОУВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»РоссияSt. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; St. Petersburg Medical and Social InstituteRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationСПб ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника №19»РоссияSt. Petersburg State City Outpatient Clinic No. 19Russian Federation202230032022101110120Copyright © Старцев В.Ю., Шпоть Е.В., Караев Д.К., Кривоносов Д.И., 20222022Старцев В.Ю., Шпоть Е.В., Караев Д.К., Кривоносов Д.И.Startsev V.Y., Shpot E.V., Karaev D.K., Krivonosov D.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/529

Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) представляет собой проблему общественного здравоохранения в мире. Среди злокачественных новообразований РПЖ занимает второе место по распространённости (в 105 из 185 стран мира) и пятое — по причинам смерти у мужчин 46 стран. Эту патологию в ряде случаев верифицируют у мужчин в возрасте до 50 лет, в том числе в запущенной стадии метастатического процесса. В обзорной статье изложены сведения об эпидемиологии и распространённости РПЖ у мужчин молодого возраста, полученные из баз данных PubMed, CrossRef и Scopus. Приведены данные о вероятной причинно-следственной связи ряда факторов, потенциально влияющих на развитие карциномы простаты. Описаны малоизвестные и новые молекулярно-генетические факторы, в том числе связанные с простат-специфическим антигеном (ПСА), с доказанной ролью в развитии этого заболевания, использование которых позволит своевременно прогнозировать развитие РПЖ на ранних стадиях. Определено, что принятые методы диагностики карциномы у мужчин, в том числе оценка уровня сывороточного ПСА, не всегда точны, а алгоритм их использования окончательно не сформирован. Изучение совокупности факторов риска развития РПЖ у пациентов молодого возраста позволит сформулировать новый диагностический подход, основанный на учёте персональной молекулярно-генетической информации. Развитие данного направления актуально и имеет важное социально-экономическое значение с учётом изучения контингента трудоспособного населения.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a public health problem worldwide. Among all malignant tumors, PCa ranks second in prevalence (105 out of 185 countries) and fifth in cause of death in men in 46 countries. In some cases, this pathology is verified in men under the age of 50, including the advanced stage of the metastatic process. The review article provides information on the epidemiology and prevalence of PCa in young men obtained from the PubMed, CrossRef, and Scopus databases. The data on the probable causal relationship of a number of factors potentially affecting the development of prostate carcinoma are presented. Little-known and new molecular genetic changes are described, including those associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), with a proven role in the development of this disease, the use of which will make it possible to predict PCa development in the early stages in a timely manner. It has been determined that the common methods for diagnosing carcinoma in the population, assessing the level of serum PSA, are not always accurate and that the algorithm for their use has not been finally formed. The study of risk factors for the development of PCa in young patients will make it possible to formulate a new diagnostic approach based on considering personal molecular genetic information. The development of this direction is relevant and has an important social and economic importance, considering the study of the contingent of the able-bodied population.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.