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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2022-10-1-32-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-521</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Альтернативный транспаренхимный доступ при контактной нефролитотрипсии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alternative trans-parenchymal access for percutaneous contact nephrolithotripsy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-5260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малинин</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinin</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малинин Юрий Юрьевич — кандидат медицинских наук; заведующий кафедрой урологии</p><p>г. Донецк, ДНР</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury Yu .Malinin — M.D., Cand.Sc.(Med); Head, Dept. of Urology</p><p>Donetsk, DPR</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jora2@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gorky Donetsk National Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малинин Ю.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малинин Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malinin Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/521">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/521</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Актуальным вопросом современной эндоскопической хирургии мочекаменной болезни (МКБ) является разработка техники оптимального доступа (доступов) к камню. Считается, что перкутанный ход при контактной нефролитотрипсии (КЛТ) должен достигать чашечно-лоханочной системы (ЧЛС) по кратчайшей траектории и проходить через сосочки малых чашечек, что в ряде случаев может быть труднодостижимо. При этом предполагается многодоступность, а также интервенционная каскадность. Отношение отделов ЧЛС и почечных сосудов в зоне хирургического интереса является индивидуальным.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Обосновать возможность использования альтернативного транспаренхимного доступа при КЛТ с точки зрения сосудистого строения почки.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён проспективный анализ лечения 41 пациента с МКБ, которым была выполнена КЛТ. До операции пациенты были рандомизированы в две группы, сравнимые по полу, возрасту, средним размерам конкрементов, формам МКБ. Группа 1 (исследуемая) — 20 (48,8%) пациентов, которым в связи с особенностями строения ЧЛС или топографиии ободочной кишки КЛТ выполнялась через транспаренхимный доступ к нижнелатеральным отделам лоханки или большой нижней почечной чашке.  Группа 2 (контрольная) — 21 (51,2%) пациент, где КЛT выполнялась стандартно. В момент создания доступа к ЧЛС всем пациентам проводилась доплероскопия почечных артерий с целью предупреждения повреждения сегментарных и междолевых сосудов почки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 73,2% пациентов кровоснабжение в зоне стандартного доступа к ЧЛС идёт по заднесегментарной артерии, не участвующей в питании нижней половины почки (1 тип кровоснабжения), а у 26,8 % пациентов ветви задней сегментарной артерии пересекают проекцию нижних чашечек (2 тип крвоснабжения). В случаях невозможности выполнения стандартной пункции ЧЛС (пациенты первой группы) 1 тип кровоснабжения позволяет безопасно произвести альтернативный транспаренхимный доступ непосредственно на нижний бокал или лоханку через нижнелатеральную дорсальную стенку. Оптимизация доступа снижает среднее время операции в 1,4 раза, среднее количество доступов — в 1,3 раза по отношению к группе сравнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ультразвуковое доплеровское сканирование позволяет визуализировать артериальные сосуды, значимые для создания безопасного транскутанного пункционного доступа к ЧЛС и создать доступ в бессосудистой зоне. У 73,2% пациентов выявлена область задней поверхности лоханки и нижнего бокала, к которым возможен анатомически обоснованный малотравматичный транспаренхимный доступ, позволяющий значительно расширить область доступных для прямой интервенции отделов ЧЛС. Создание транспаренхимного доступа к нижнелатеральным отделам ЧЛС позволяет уменьшить общее количество доступов, что приводит к снижению времени операции, количества осложнений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. An actual issue of modern endoscopic surgery for urolithiasis is the development of techniques for optimal access to the stone. Percutaneous access during contact nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is believed to reach the pyelocalyceal system (PCS) along the shortest trajectory and pass through the small calyces. It assumes multi-accessibility, as well as interventional cascading. Anatomically, the kidney is divided into five relatively independent segments in terms of blood supply. The thickness of the posterior one is only a quarter of the thickness of the kidney, which allows us to assume a significantly smaller number of vessels in this segment even outside the Zondek (Brödel) bloodless line.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study.To prove the possibility of using an optimized transparenchymal approach in PCNL based on the renal vascular structure.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A prospective analysis of the treatment of 41 patients with urolithiasis who hadPCNL. Before surgery, patients were randomized by gender, age, average stone size, and urolithiasis forms. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 (study) —20 (48.8%) patients underwent PCNL through trans-parenchymal access to the inferior-lateral parts of the pelvis or the large lower renal calyx due to the ventral orientation of the lower small calyces. Group 2 (control) — 21 (51.2%) patients underwent standard PCNL. The creation of access to PCS was provided simultaneously with Doppler ultrasound of the renal vessels to prevent damage to the segmental and interlobular vessels of the kidney.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In 73.2% of patients, the blood supply in the region of standard access to the PCS goes through the posterior segmental artery, which does not supply blood to the lower half of the kidney (type 1 blood supply). In 26.8% of patients, branches of the posterior segmental artery cross the projection of the inferior calyces (type 2 blood supply). In cases where it is impossible to perform a standard puncture of the PCL (patients of the first group), type 1 blood supply allows you to safely make an alternative trans-parenchymal access directly to the lower calyx or pelvis through the inferior-lateral dorsal wall. The optimization of the access decreasesthe average operation time by 1.4 times and the average number of accesses by 1.3 times.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Doppler ultrasound scanning allows to visualize of arterial vessels, which helps to provide safe trans-cutaneous puncture access to PCS. In 73.2% of patients, the region of the posterior surface of the pelvis and the lower calyx was identified with the possibility of an anatomically justified low-traumatic trans-parenchymal access. It significantly expands the area of the parts of the PCS accessible for direct intervention. The creation of a trans-parenchymal access to the lower lateral parts of the renal pelvis allows reducing the total number of accesses to the PCS, which reduces the operation time and the number of complications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мочекаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>контактная нефролитотрипсия</kwd><kwd>хирургический доступ</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковой контроль доступа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>percutaneous nephrolithotripsy</kwd><kwd>surgical access</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic guidance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López M, Hoppe B. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25(1):49-59. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López M, Hoppe B. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. 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