urovestВестник урологииUrology Herald2308-6424Rostov State Medical University10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-4-135-144urovest-398Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯCLINICAL CASESРеиннервация полового члена как новая методика лечения эректильной дисфункции у пациентов после радикальной простатэктомииPenile reinnervation as a new technique for treating erectile dysfunction in patients after radical prostatectomyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-7153ПоповС. В.PopovS. V.

Попов Сергей Валерьевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор; профессор кафедры урологии Военно-медицинской академии имени С.М. Кирова МО РФ; главный врач, Клиническая больница Святителя Луки г. Санкт-Петербург.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Чугунная, д. 46; 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6.

Sergey V. Popov — M.D., Dr.Sc.(M), Full Prof.; Prof., Dept. of Urology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; Chief Medical Officer, St. Luke Clinical Hospital194044, St. Petersburg, 46 Chugunnaya st.; 194044, St. Petersburg, 6 Academician Lebedev st.

doc.popov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-9789ОрловИ. Н.OrlovI. N.

Орлов Игорь Николаевич — кандидат медицинских наук; ассистент кафедры урологии СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России; заведующий урологическим отделением № 1 Городского центра эндоскопической урологии и новых технологий, Клиническая больница Святителя Луки г. Санкт-Петербург.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Чугунная, д. 46.

Igor N. Orlov — M.D., Cand.Sc.(M); Head, Urological Division No.1, City Centre of Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies, St. Luke Clinical Hospital; Assist., Dept. of Urology, Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University.194044, St. Petersburg, 46 Chugunnaya st.

doc.orlov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-9519ГулькоА. М.Gul'koA. M.

Гулько Александр Михайлович — врач уролог-андролог отделения урологии № 1 Городского центра эндоскопической урологии и новых технологий.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Чугунная, д. 46.тел.: +7 (911) 288-22-92

Alexander M. Gul'ko — M.D.; Urologist, Urological Division No.1, City Centre of Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies, St. Luke Clinical Hospital.194044, St. Petersburg, 46 Chugunnaya st.tel.: +7 (911) 288-22-92

agoolko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-4164МедведевГ. В.MedvedevG. V.

Медведев Герман Владимирович — младший научный сотрудник.195427, Санкт-Петербург, ул. академика Байкова, д. 8.

German V. Medvedev - M.D.; Junior Research Assistant, R.R. Vreden Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics.195427, St. Petersburg, 8 Academician Baykova st.

dr.medvedev.g@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-6367ШемякинИ. О.ShemiakinI. O.

Шемякин Игорь Олегович — клинический ординатор кафедры термических поражений и пластической хирургии.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6.

Igor O. Shemiakin — Resident, Dept. of Thermal Injuries and Plastic Surgery, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.194044, St. Petersburg, 6 Academician Lebedev st.

docshemyakin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-9606СоломицкийД. Н.SolomitskiyD. N.

Соломицкий Денис Николаевич — клинический ординатор кафедры термических поражений и пластической хирургии.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6.

Denis N. Solomitskiy - Resident, Dept. of Thermal Injuries and Plastic Surgery, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.194044, St. Petersburg, 6 Academician Lebedev st.

solomitskiy27@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5040-5546ТопузовТ. М.TopuzovT. M.

Топузов Тимур Марленович — кандидат медицинских наук; врач-уролог отделения урологии № 1 Городского центра эндоскопической урологии и новых технологий.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Чугунная, д. 46.

Timur M. Topuzov — M.D., Cand.Sc.(M); Urologist, Urological Division No.1, City Centre of Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies, St. Luke Clinical Hospital194044, St. Petersburg, 46 Chugunnaya st.

ttopuzov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-9194ГореликМ. Л.GorelikM. L.

Горелик Максим Леонидович — врач-ординатор отделения урологии № 1 Городского центра эндоскопической урологии и новых технологий.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Чугунная, д. 46.

Maksim L. Gorelik — Resident, Urological Division No.1, City Centre of Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies, St. Luke Clinical Hospital194044, St. Petersburg, 46 Chugunnaya st.

mr.maksim.gorelik@mail.ruСеменюкА. В.SemenyukA. V.

Семенюк Андрей Валерьевич — врач-ординатор отделения урологии № 1 Городского центра эндоскопической урологии и новых технологий.194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Чугунная, д. 46.

Andrey V. Semenyuk — Resident, Urological Division No.1, City Centre of Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies, St. Luke Clinical Hospital194044, St. Petersburg, 46 Chugunnaya st.

semenyuk.science@gmail.comКлиническая больница Святителя Луки; Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова МО РФРоссияSt. Luke Clinical Hospital; S.M. Kirov Military Medical AcademyRussian FederationКлиническая больница Святителя ЛукиРоссияSt. Luke Clinical HospitalRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени Р.Р. Вредена Минздрава РоссииРоссияR.R. Vreden Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRussian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова МО РФРоссияS.M. Kirov Military Medical AcademyRussian Federation20202312202084135144Copyright © Попов С.В., Орлов И.Н., Гулько А.М., Медведев Г.В., Шемякин И.О., Соломицкий Д.Н., Топузов Т.М., Горелик М.Л., Семенюк А.В., 20202020Попов С.В., Орлов И.Н., Гулько А.М., Медведев Г.В., Шемякин И.О., Соломицкий Д.Н., Топузов Т.М., Горелик М.Л., Семенюк А.В.Popov S.V., Orlov I.N., Gul'ko A.M., Medvedev G.V., Shemiakin I.O., Solomitskiy D.N., Topuzov T.M., Gorelik M.L., Semenyuk A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/398

В настоящее время радикальная простатэктомия (РПЭ) является «золотым» стандартом в лечении локализованного рака предстательной железы (РПЖ). Однако данное вмешательство сопряжено с высоким риском развития ятрогенной эректильной дисфункции (ЭД), которая существенно снижает качество жизни мужчины. Одним из хирургических решений данного осложнения является установка фаллопротеза. Тем не менее, необходимо учитывать, что данная манипуляция сопряжена с определенными рисками интра- и послеоперационных осложнений. Во время операции могут встречаться такие осложнения, как перфорация (кавернозная, септальная, уретральная), кроссовер (перекрёст стержней или цилиндров), геморрагия, трудности ушивания операционной раны, повреждение компонентов протеза. В послеоперационном периоде наиболее серьёзная проблема — инфекция. Также стоит отметить высокую стоимость имплантов и искусственную эрекцию, что является решающим для некоторых молодых пациентов. Страны мира находятся в поисках новых методов по возобновлению физиологической эректильной функции у пациентов после радикальной простатэктомии. В последнее время внимание специалистов обращено на возможность восстановления иннервации полового члена путём пересадки нервного графта. Целью исследования было составить общее представление о лечении эректильной дисфункции у пациентов после радикальной простатэктомии путём пересадки нервного графта с разработкой и проведением своей собственной методики в виде клинического случая.

Nowadays, radical prostatectomy (RPE) is the «gold standard» in the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). However, this intervention is associated with a high risk of developing iatrogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), which significantly reduces the quality of life of a man. One of the surgical solutions to this complication is the installation of a penile prosthesis. Nevertheless, it must be borne in mind that this manipulation is associated with certain risks of intra-and postoperative complications. During the operation, there may be complications such as perforation (cavernous, septal, urethral), crossover (intersection of rods or cylinders), haemorrhage, difficulties in suturing the operating wound, damage to the components of the prosthesis. The most common problem is an infection in the postoperative period. It is also worth noting the high cost of implants and artificial erection, which is crucial for some young patients. Countries around the world are searching for new methods to restore physiological erectile function in patients after RPE. Recently, the attention of specialists has been drawn to the possibility of restoring the innervation of the penis by transplanting a nerve graft. The study aimed to provide a general idea of the ED treatment in patients after RPE by nerve graft transplantation with the development and realization of our own described at the end as a clinical case.

эректильная дисфункциярадикальная простатэктомияреиннервация полового членафизиологическая эректильная функцияerectile dysfunctionradical prostatectomypenile innervationphysiological erectile functionReferencesvan Poppel H, Everaerts W, Tosco L, Joniau S. Open and robotic radical prostatectomy. Asian J urol. 2019;6(2):125-128. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.12.002van Poppel H, Everaerts W, Tosco L, Joniau S. Open and robotic radical prostatectomy. Asian J urol. 2019;6(2):125-128. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.12.002Schostak M, Miller K, Schrader M. Radical prostatectomy in the 21st century - the gold standard for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. Front Radiat Ther Oncol. 2008;41:7-14. DOI: 10.1159/000139873Schostak M, Miller K, Schrader M. Radical prostatectomy in the 21st century - the gold standard for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. Front Radiat Ther Oncol. 2008;41:7-14. DOI: 10.1159/000139873Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492Mottet N, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Briers E, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, Fossati N, Gross T, Henry AM, Joniau S, LamTB, Mason MD, Matveev VB, Moldovan PC, van den Bergh RCN, Van den Broeck T, van der Poel HG, van der Kwast TH, Rouviere O, Schoots IG, Wiegel T, Cornford P. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2017;71(4):618-629. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.003Mottet N, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Briers E, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, Fossati N, Gross T, Henry AM, Joniau S, LamTB, Mason MD, Matveev VB, Moldovan PC, van den Bergh RCN, Van den Broeck T, van der Poel HG, van der Kwast TH, Rouviere O, Schoots IG, Wiegel T, Cornford P. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2017;71(4):618-629. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.003Coughlin GD, Yaxley JW, Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Sama-ratunga H, Zajdlewicz L, Teloken P, Dunglison N, Williams S, Lavin MF, Gardiner RA. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus open radical retropubic prostatectomy: 24-month outcomes from a randomised controlled study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(8):1051-1060. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30357-7Coughlin GD, Yaxley JW, Chambers SK, Occhipinti S, Sama-ratunga H, Zajdlewicz L, Teloken P, Dunglison N, Williams S, Lavin MF, Gardiner RA. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus open radical retropubic prostatectomy: 24-month outcomes from a randomised controlled study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(8):1051-1060. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30357-7Barocas DA, Alvarez J, Resnick MJ, Koyama T, Hoffman KE, Tyson MD, Conwill R, McCollum D, Cooperberg MR, Goodman M, Greenfield S, Hamilton AS, Hashibe M, Kaplan SH, Paddock LE, Stroup AM, Wu XC, Penson DF. Association Between Radiation Therapy, Surgery, or Observation for Localized Prostate Cancer and Patient-Reported Outcomes After 3 Years. JAMA. 2017;317(11):1126-1140. DOI: 10.1001/ jama.2017.1704. Erratum in: JAMA. 2017;317(20):2134.Barocas DA, Alvarez J, Resnick MJ, Koyama T, Hoffman KE, Tyson MD, Conwill R, McCollum D, Cooperberg MR, Goodman M, Greenfield S, Hamilton AS, Hashibe M, Kaplan SH, Paddock LE, Stroup AM, Wu XC, Penson DF. Association Between Radiation Therapy, Surgery, or Observation for Localized Prostate Cancer and Patient-Reported Outcomes After 3 Years. JAMA. 2017;317(11):1126-1140. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.1704. Erratum in: JAMA. 2017;317(20):2134.Litwin MS, Nied RJ, Dhanani N. Health-related quality of life in men with erectile dysfunction. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13(3):159-66. DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00050.xLitwin MS, Nied RJ, Dhanani N. Health-related quality of life in men with erectile dysfunction. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13(3):159-66. DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00050.xSanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J, Sandler HM, Northouse L, Hembroff L, Lin X, Greenfield TK, Litwin MS, Saigal CS, Mahadevan A, Klein E, Kibel A, Pisters LL, Kuban D, Kaplan I, Wood D, Ciezki J, Shah N, Wei JT. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(12):1250-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa074311Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J, Sandler HM, Northouse L, Hembroff L, Lin X, Greenfield TK, Litwin MS, Saigal CS, Mahadevan A, Klein E, Kibel A, Pisters LL, Kuban D, Kaplan I, Wood D, Ciezki J, Shah N, Wei JT. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(12):1250-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa074311NIH Consensus Conference. Impotence. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Impotence. JAMA. 1993;270(1):83-90. PMID: 8510302NIH Consensus Conference. Impotence. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Impotence. JAMA. 1993;270(1):83-90. PMID: 8510302Fode M, 0stergren PB, Jensen CFS, Jakobsen H, S0nksen J. Treatment effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors may improve with time following nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Scand J Urol. 2018;52(2):108-110. DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2017.1387603Fode M, 0stergren PB, Jensen CFS, Jakobsen H, S0nksen J. Treatment effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors may improve with time following nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Scand J Urol. 2018;52(2):108-110. DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2017.1387603Andersson KE. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63(4):811-59. DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004515Andersson KE. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63(4):811-59. DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004515Walsh PC, Donker PJ. Impotence following radical prostatectomy: insight into etiology and prevention. J Urol. 1982;128(3):492-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53012-8Walsh PC, Donker PJ. Impotence following radical prostatectomy: insight into etiology and prevention. J Urol. 1982;128(3):492-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53012-8Попов С.В., Орлов И.Н., Гринь Е.А., Малевич С.М., Гулько А.М., Топузов Т.М., Кызласов П.С., Повелица Э.А. Новые технологии и подходы в диагностике и лечении эректильной дисфункции. Вестник урологии. 2020;8(2):78-92. DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-2-78-92Popov S.V., Orlov I.N., Grin' Y.A., Malevich S.M., Gul'ko A.M., Topuzo T.M., Kyzlasov P.S., Povelitsa E.A. Erectile dysfunction: new technologies and approaches in diagnostics and treatment. Urology Herald. 2020;8(2):78-92. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-2-78-92Jung J, Jo HW, Kwon H, Jeong NY. Clinical neuroanatomy and neurotransmitter-mediated regulation of penile erection. Int Neurourol J. 2014;18(2):58-62. DOI: 10.5213/inj.2014.18.2.58Jung J, Jo HW, Kwon H, Jeong NY. Clinical neuroanatomy and neurotransmitter-mediated regulation of penile erection. Int Neurourol J. 2014;18(2):58-62. DOI: 10.5213/inj.2014.18.2.58Burnett AL, Tillman SL, Chang TS, Epstein JI, Lowenstein CJ, Bredt DS, Snyder SH, Walsh PC. Immunohistochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in the autonomic innervation of the human penis. J Urol. 1993;150(1):73-6. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35401-0Burnett AL, Tillman SL, Chang TS, Epstein JI, Lowenstein CJ, Bredt DS, Snyder SH, Walsh PC. Immunohistochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in the autonomic innervation of the human penis. J Urol. 1993;150(1):73-6. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35401-0Hedlund P, Ny L, Alm P, Andersson KE. Cholinergic nerves in human corpus cavernosum and spongiosum contain nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase. J Urol. 2000;164(3 Pt 1):868-75. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67329-6Hedlund P, Ny L, Alm P, Andersson KE. Cholinergic nerves in human corpus cavernosum and spongiosum contain nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase. J Urol. 2000;164(3 Pt 1):868-75. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67329-6Dail WG, Barba V, Leyba L, Galindo R. Neural and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in rat penile erectile tissue. Cell Tissue Res. 1995;282(1):109-16. DOI: 10.1007/BF00319137Dail WG, Barba V, Leyba L, Galindo R. Neural and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in rat penile erectile tissue. Cell Tissue Res. 1995;282(1):109-16. DOI: 10.1007/BF00319137Domoto T, Tsumori T. Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in neurons of the major pelvic ganglion projecting to the ratrectum and penis. Cell Tissue Res. 1994;278(2):273-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF00414170Domoto T, Tsumori T. Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in neurons of the major pelvic ganglion projecting to the ratrectum and penis. Cell Tissue Res. 1994;278(2):273-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF00414170Saenz de Tejada I, Blanco R, Goldstein I, Azadzoi K, de las Morenas A, Krane RJ, Cohen RA. Cholinergic neurotransmission in human corpus cavernosum. I. Responses of isolated tissue. Am J Physiol. 1988;254(3 Pt 2):H459-67. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.3.H459Saenz de Tejada I, Blanco R, Goldstein I, Azadzoi K, de las Morenas A, Krane RJ, Cohen RA. Cholinergic neurotransmission in human corpus cavernosum. I. Responses of isolated tissue. Am J Physiol. 1988;254(3 Pt 2):H459-67. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.3.H459McConnell J, Benson GS. Innervation of human penile blood vessels. Neurourol Urodyn. 1982;1:199-210 DOI: 10.1002/nau.1930010213McConnell J, Benson GS. Innervation of human penile blood vessels. Neurourol Urodyn. 1982;1:199-210 DOI: 10.1002/nau.1930010213Quinlan DM, Nelson RJ, Walsh PC. Cavernous nerve grafts restore erectile function in denervated rats. J Urol. 1991;145(2):380-3. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38348-9Quinlan DM, Nelson RJ, Walsh PC. Cavernous nerve grafts restore erectile function in denervated rats. J Urol. 1991;145(2):380-3. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38348-9Ball RA, Lipton SA, Dreyer EB, Richie JP, Vickers MA. Entubulization repair of severed cavernous nerves in the rat resulting in return of erectile function. J. Urol. 1992;148(1):211-5. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36555-2Ball RA, Lipton SA, Dreyer EB, Richie JP, Vickers MA. Entubu-lization repair of severed cavernous nerves in the rat resulting in return of erectile function. J. Urol. 1992;148(1):211-5. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36555-2Ballance CA, Ballance HA, Stewart P. Remarks on the operative treatment of chronic facial palsy of peripheral origin. Br Med J. 1903;1(2209):1009-13. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2209.1009Ballance CA, Ballance HA, Stewart P. Remarks on the operative treatment of chronic facial palsy of peripheral origin. Br Med J. 1903;1(2209):1009-13. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2209.1009Viterbo F, Teixeira E, Hoshino K, Padovani CR. End-to-side neurorrhaphy with and without perineurium. Sao Paulo Med J. 1998;116(5):1808-14. DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31801998000500005Viterbo F, Teixeira E, Hoshino K, Padovani CR. End-to-side neurorrhaphy with and without perineurium. Sao Paulo Med J. 1998;116(5):1808-14. DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31801998000500005Viterbo F, Trindade JC, Hoshino K, Mazzoni A. Two end-to-side neurorrhaphies and nerve graft with removal of the epineural sheath: experimental study in rats. Br J Plast Surg. 1994;47(2):75-80. DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(94)90162-7Viterbo F, Trindade JC, Hoshino K, Mazzoni A. Two end-to-side neurorrhaphies and nerve graft with removal of the epineural sheath: experimental study in rats. Br J Plast Surg. 1994;47(2):75-80. DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(94)90162-7Viterbo F, Trindade JC, Hoshino K, Mazzoni Neto A. Latero-terminal neurorrhaphy without removal of the epineural sheath. Experimental study in rats. Rev Paul Med. 1992;110(6):267-75. Erratum in: Rev Paul Med. 1993;111(6):479. PMID: 1341024Viterbo F, Trindade JC, Hoshino K, Mazzoni Neto A. Latero-terminal neurorrhaphy without removal of the epineural sheath. Experimental study in rats. Rev Paul Med. 1992;110(6):267-75. Erratum in: Rev Paul Med. 1993;111(6):479. PMID: 1341024Matsuda K, Kakibuchi M, Kubo T, Tomita K, Fujiwara T, Hattori R, Yano K, Hosokawa K. A new model of end-to-side nerve graft for multiple branch reconstruction: end-to-side cross-face nerve graft in rats. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(11):1357-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2008.04.013Matsuda K, Kakibuchi M, Kubo T, Tomita K, Fujiwara T, Hattori R, Yano K, Hosokawa K. A new model of end-to-side nerve graft for multiple branch reconstruction: end-to-side cross-face nerve graft in rats. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(11):1357-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2008.04.013Okochi M, Ueda K, Okochi H, Asai E, Sakaba T, Kajikawa A. Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with end-to-side coaptation between the jump interpositional nerve graft and hypoglossal nerve: Outcome and duration of preoperative paralysis. Microsurgery. 2016;36(6):460-6. DOI: 10.1002/micr.22393Okochi M, Ueda K, Okochi H, Asai E, Sakaba T, Kajikawa A. Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with end-to-side coaptation between the jump interpositional nerve graft and hypoglossal nerve: Outcome and duration of preoperative paralysis. Microsurgery. 2016;36(6):460-6. DOI: 10.1002/micr.22393Viterbo F, Romao A, Brock RS, Joethy J. Facial reanimation utilizing combined orthodromic temporalis muscle flap and end-to-side cross-face nerve grafts. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2014;38(4):788-95. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0357-8Viterbo F, Romao A, Brock RS, Joethy J. Facial reanimation utilizing combined orthodromic temporalis muscle flap and end-to-side cross-face nerve grafts. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2014;38(4):788-95. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0357-8Rovak JM, Cederna PS, Macionis V, Urbanchek MS, Van Der Meulen JH, Kuzon WM Jr. Termino-lateral neurorrhaphy: the functional axonal anatomy. Microsurgery. 2000;20(1):6-14. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2752(2000)20:1<6::aid-micr2>3.0.co;2-5Rovak JM, Cederna PS, Macionis V, Urbanchek MS, Van Der Meulen JH, Kuzon WM Jr. Termino-lateral neurorrhaphy: the functional axonal anatomy. Microsurgery. 2000;20(1):6-14. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2752(2000)20:1<6::aid-micr2>3.0.co;2-5Hosseinian MA, Gharibi Loron A, Nemati B, Khandaghy M. Comparison of a distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy with a proximal-distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy: in a rat model. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2015;25(8):1261-4. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-015-1699-xHosseinian MA, Gharibi Loron A, Nemati B, Khandaghy M. Comparison of a distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy with a proximal-distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy: in a rat model. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2015;25(8):1261-4. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-015-1699-xKim ED, Scardino PT, Hampel O, Mills NL, Wheeler TM, Nath RK. Interposition of sural nerve restores function of cavernous nerves resected during radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 1999;161(1):188-92. PMID: 10037395Kim ED, Scardino PT, Hampel O, Mills NL, Wheeler TM, Nath RK. Interposition of sural nerve restores function of cavernous nerves resected during radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 1999;161(1):188-92. PMID: 10037395Kim ED, Nath R, Slawin KM, Kadmon D, Miles BJ, Scardino PT. Bilateral nerve grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: extended follow-up. Urology. 2001;58(6):983-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01403-0Kim ED, Nath R, Slawin KM, Kadmon D, Miles BJ, Scardino PT. Bilateral nerve grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: extended follow-up. Urology. 2001;58(6):983-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01403-0Secin FP, Koppie TM, Scardino PT, Eastham JA, Patel M, Bianco FJ, Tal R, Mulhall J, Disa JJ, Cordeiro PG, Rabbani F. Bilateral cavernous nerve interposition grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. J Urol. 2007;177(2):664-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.035Secin FP, Koppie TM, Scardino PT, Eastham JA, Patel M, Bianco FJ, Tal R, Mulhall J, Disa JJ, Cordeiro PG, Rabbani F. Bilateral cavernous nerve interposition grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. J Urol. 2007;177(2):664-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.035Namiki S, Saito S, Nakagawa H, Sanada T, Yamada A, Arai Y. Impact of unilateral sural nerve graft on recovery of potency and continence following radical prostatectomy: 3-year longitudinal study. J Urol. 2007;178(1):212-6; discussion 216. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.043Namiki S, Saito S, Nakagawa H, Sanada T, Yamada A, Arai Y. Impact of unilateral sural nerve graft on recovery of potency and continence following radical prostatectomy: 3-year longitudinal study. J Urol. 2007;178(1):212-6; discussion 216. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.043Nelson BA, Chang SS, Cookson MS, Smith JA Jr. Morbidity and efficacy of genitofemoral nerve grafts with radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology. 2006;67(4):789-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.10.004Nelson BA, Chang SS, Cookson MS, Smith JA Jr. Morbidity and efficacy of genitofemoral nerve grafts with radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology. 2006;67(4):789-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.10.004Porpiglia F, Ragni F, Terrone C, Renard J, Musso F, Grande S, Cracco C, Ghignone G, Scarpa RM. Is laparoscopic unilateral sural nerve grafting during radical prostatectomy effective in retaining sexual potency? BJU Int. 2005;95(9):1267-71. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05501.xPorpiglia F, Ragni F, Terrone C, Renard J, Musso F, Grande S, Cracco C, Ghignone G, Scarpa RM. Is laparoscopic unilateral sural nerve grafting during radical prostatectomy effective in retaining sexual potency? BJU Int. 2005;95(9):1267-71. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05501.xDavis JW, Chang DW, Chevray P, Wang R, Shen Y, Wen S, Pettaway CA, Pisters LL, Swanson DA, Madsen LT, Huber N, Troncoso P, Babaian RJ, Wood CG. Randomized phase II trial evaluation of erectile function after attempted unilateral cavernous nerve-sparing retropubic radical prostatectomy with versus without unilateral sural nerve grafting for clinically localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2009;55(5):1135-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.08.051Davis JW, Chang DW, Chevray P, Wang R, Shen Y, Wen S, Pettaway CA, Pisters LL, Swanson DA, Madsen LT, Huber N, Troncoso P, Babaian RJ, Wood CG. Randomized phase II trial evaluation of erectile function after attempted unilateral cavernous nerve-sparing retropubic radical prostatectomy with versus without unilateral sural nerve grafting for clinically localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2009;55(5):1135-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.08.051Dong C, Dong Z, Xie Z, Zhang L, Xiong F, Wen Q, Fan Z, Peng Q. Functional Restoration of Erectile Function Using End-to-side Autonomic-to-somatic Neurorrhaphy in Rats. Urology. 2016;95:108-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.05.017Dong C, Dong Z, Xie Z, Zhang L, Xiong F, Wen Q, Fan Z, Peng Q. Functional Restoration of Erectile Function Using End-to-side Autonomic-to-somatic Neurorrhaphy in Rats. Urology. 2016;95:108-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.05.017Souza Trindade JC, Viterbo F, Petean Trindade A, Favaro WJ, Trindade-Filho JCS. Long-term follow-up of treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy using nerve grafts and end-to-side somatic-autonomic neurorraphy: a new technique. BJU Int. 2017;119(6):948-954. DOI: 10.1111/bju.13772Souza Trindade JC, Viterbo F, Petean Trindade A, Favaro WJ, Trindade-Filho JCS. Long-term follow-up of treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy using nerve grafts and end-to-side somatic-autonomic neurorraphy: a new technique. BJU Int. 2017;119(6):948-954. DOI: 10.1111/bju.13772Haninec P, Kaiser R, Dubovy P. A comparison of collateral sprouting of sensory and motor axons after end-to-side neurorrhaphy with and without the perineurial window. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;130(3):609-14. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31825dc20aHaninec P, Kaiser R, Dubovy P. A comparison of collateral sprouting of sensory and motor axons after end-to-side neurorrhaphy with and without the perineurial window. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;130(3):609-14. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31825dc20aScaglione F, Donde S, Hassan TA, Jannini EA. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: pharmacology and clinical impact of the sildenafil citrate orodispersible tablet formulation. Clin Ther. 2017;39(2):370-377. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.001Scaglione F, Donde S, Hassan TA, Jannini EA. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: pharmacology and clinical impact of the sildenafil citrate orodispersible tablet formulation. Clin Ther. 2017;39(2):370-377. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.001

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.