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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-4-112-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ хирургического лечения туберкулёза почек открытым и лапароскопическим доступами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surgical treatment of kidney tuberculosis: a comparative analysis of open and laparoscopic approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-6455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холтобин</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholtobin</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Холтобин Денис Петрович — кандидат медицинских наук; старший научный сотрудник Новосибирский НИИ туберкулёза Минздрава России; заведующий отделением урологии МЦ «Авиценна» г. Новосибирск.630040, Новосибирск, ул. Охотская, д. 81А.тел. +7 (383) 203-79-89; факс: +7 (383) 203-86-75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis P. Kholtobin — M.D., Cand.Sc.(M); Senior Researcher, Novosibirsk Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis; Head, Urological Division, Novosibirsk Medical Centre «Avicenna».630040, Novosibirsk, 81A Okhotskaya st.tel. +7 (383) 203-79-89; fax: +7 (383) 203-86-75</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">urotub@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт туберкулёза» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Холтобин Д.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Холтобин Д.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kholtobin D.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/395">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/395</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Туберкулёз остаётся глобальной проблемой современности. Туберкулёз почек, особенно осложнённый туберкулёзом мочевыводящих путей, при несвоевременной диагностике или неадекватной терапии становится хирургическим заболеванием.Материалы и методы. Проведён анализ историй болезни 93 пациентов, последовательно поступивших в ФГБУ «Новосибирский НИИ туберкулёза» Минздрава России, которым выполнили органоуносящие и органосохраняющие операции на почках. 51-му пациенту были выполнены открытые операции, а 42-м — лапароскопические. Проанализированы и сопоставлены результаты лечения и частота осложнений в обеих группах.Результаты. Возраст пациентов колебался от 23 до 75 лет, в среднем, составив 50,9 ± 6,7 лет; мужчин было 45, женщин — 48. Поражение левой почки было в 41 случае, правой — в 52 случаях. Показанием к выполнению нефрэктомии служил поликавернозный туберкулёз почки с отсутствием функции в 74 случаях, при этом в 11 случаях поликавернозный туберкулёз осложнялся туберкулёзом мочевого пузыря 4-й стадии. В 9 случаях нефрэктомию выполнили одномоментно с цистэктомией. В 2 случаях при выраженном нарушении функции почки цистэктомию при микроцистисе не выполняли, предпочтя ей лапароскопическую нефрэктомию с гетеротопической деривацией мочи. В группе пациентов, оперированных открытым доступом, осложнения развились у 14 человек (27,4%), в группе лапароскопических операций — у 5 (11,9%). Лапароскопический доступ позволил раньше активизировать пациентов через 2,4 часа, в то время как в группе открытого доступа — через 38,7 часов.Заключение. В силу особенностей патогенеза туберкулёз сопровождается локальным развитием грубых деформирующих рубцов, что существенно затрудняет выполнение оперативного пособия как открытым, так и лапароскопическим доступом. Тем не менее, современная техника позволяет выполнить больным весь спектр операций лапароскопически, при этом частота осложнений в 2,3 раза ниже, чем при открытых операциях. Ранняя активизация пациента, меньшая потребность в анальгетиках также являются положительными факторами малоинвазивной хирургии при нефротуберкулёзе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Tuberculosis remains a global problem of our time. Kidney tuberculosis, especially complicated by tuberculosis of the urinary tract, becomes a surgical disease if it diagnosed late or the therapy was not optimal.Materials and methods. 93 patients with urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) was included in this study who were admitted to the Novosibirsk Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis consecutively. All of them underwent surgical intervention on the kidney. 51 patients underwent open surgery, and 42 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The results of treatment and the incidence of complications in both groups were analyzed and compared.Results. The age of the patients ranged from 23 to 75 years, averaging 50.9 ± 6.7 years; there were 45 men and 48 women. Tuberculosis of the left kidney was diagnosed in 41 patients, on the right - in 52 patients. The indication for nephrectomy was polycavernous tuberculosis of the kidney with no function in 74 cases, while in 11 cases polycavernous tuberculosis was complicated by stage 4 bladder tuberculosis. In 9 patients, nephrectomy was performed with cystectomy simultaneously. In 2 patients with severe renal dysfunction, cystectomy for microcystis was not performed, preferring laparoscopic nephrectomy with heterotopic urine diversion. In the group of patients operated on with an open approach, complications developed in 14 patients (27.4%), in the group of laparoscopic operations - in 5 (11.9%). The laparoscopic approach made it possible to activate the patients much earlier: after 2.4 hours, while in the openaccess group - after 38.7 hours.Conclusion. Due to the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of UGBT, it is accompanied by the local development of gross deforming scars, which significantly complicates the implementation of the surgical procedure - both open and laparoscopic access. Nevertheless, modern technology allows to perform the entire spectrum of operations laparoscopically to UGTB, and the complication rate is 2.3 times lower than in open operations. Early activation of the patient, less need for analgesics are also positive factors of minimally invasive surgery for UGTB.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>урогенитальный туберкулёз</kwd><kwd>туберкулёз почек</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение туберкулёза почек</kwd><kwd>лапароскопический подход при урогенитальном туберкулёзе</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urogenital tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>kidney tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment of kidney tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic approach in urogenital tuberculosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global tuberculosis report 2019. France; 2019. Accessed September 08, 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329368/9789241565714-eng.pdf?ua=1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global tuberculosis report 2019. France; 2019. 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