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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-3-47-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-360</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мониторинг микробиоты мочи и антибиотикорезистентности уропатогенов в одном урологическом стационаре</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring of urinary microbiota and uropathogens' antibiotic resistance in one urological hospital</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-4573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набока</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naboka</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Лазаревна Набока - доктор медицинских наук, профессор; заведующая кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии №1.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia L. Naboka - M.D., Dr.Sc. (M), Full Prof.; Head, Dept. of Microbiology and Virology №1.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy lane</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nula33@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-4000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алькина</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkina</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Константиновна Алькина – студентка.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna K. Alkina – Student.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy lane</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alkinann@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-0169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Иосифович Коган - Заслуженный деятель науки РФ, доктор медицинских наук, профессор; заведующий кафедрой урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека (с курсом детской урологии-андрологии).</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Kogan - Honored Scientist of Russian Federation, M.D., Dr.Sc. (M), Full Prof.; Head, Dept. of Urology and Human Reproductive Health (with the Pediatric Urology and Andrology course).</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy lane</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dept_kogan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-7848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудима</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudima</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Александровна Гудима - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент; доцент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии № 1.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Gudima - M.D., Cand.Sc.(M); Assoc. Prof. (Docent); Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Microbiology and Virology №1.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy lane</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nagu22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-842X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибишев</surname><given-names>Х. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibishev</surname><given-names>Kh. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халид Сулейманович Ибишев - доктор медицинских наук, доцент; профессор кафедры урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека (с курсом детской урологии-андрологии).</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khalid S. Ibishev - M.D., Dr.Sc. (M), Assoc. Prof. (Docent); Prof., Dept. of Urology and Human Reproductive Health (with the Pediatric Urology and Andrology course).</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy lane</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ibishev22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-8704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джалагония</surname><given-names>К. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jalagoniya</surname><given-names>K. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Kсения Теймуразовна Джалагония - ассистент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии № 1.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia T. Jalagoniya - M.D.; Assist., Dept. of Microbiology and Virology №1.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy lane</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">7kseka7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3368-5240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черницкая</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernitskaya</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Леонидовна Черницкая - кандидат медицинских наук; доцент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии № 1.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina L. Chernitskaya - M.D., Cand.Sc.(M); Assist. Prof., Dept. of Microbiology and Virology №1.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiylane</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marrizel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Набока Ю.Л., Алькина А.К., Коган М.И., Гудима И.А., Ибишев Х.С., Джалагония К.Т., Черницкая М.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Набока Ю.Л., Алькина А.К., Коган М.И., Гудима И.А., Ибишев Х.С., Джалагония К.Т., Черницкая М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naboka Y.L., Alkina A.K., Kogan M.I., Gudima I.A., Ibishev K.S., Jalagoniya K.T., Chernitskaya M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/360">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/360</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. По ведению пациентов с рецидивирующей неосложненной инфекцией нижних мочевых путей (РНИНМП) консенсус отсутствует, что крайне затрудняет проведение эффективной терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучение микробных паттернов мочи и антибиотикорезистентности уропатогенов в одном урологическом стационаре с 2010 по 2017 год.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно (2010 - 2017 гг.) проанализированы результаты бактериологического исследования и данные индивидуальных антибиотикограмм пациенток с РНИНМП (n=502). Критерии включения в исследование: согласие пациенток на участие в исследовании, наличие в анамнезе клинических проявлений РНИНМП, двух обострений в течение полугода или трех обострений в течение года, лейкоцитурия в общем анализе мочи, отсутствие в анамнезе и на момент исследования заболеваний, передающихся половым путем, а также вагинальных выделений. Проведены бактериологические исследования средней порции утренней мочи до назначения антибактериальной терапии с определением антибиотикочувствительности/резистентности и продукции р-лактамаз расширенного спектра выделенных микроорганизмов. Помимо стандартного набора питательных сред использовали хромогенные среды, аэробные и анаэробные условия культивирования. Статистический анализ проводили в среде статистической обработки и визуализации данных «Rver 3.2» («RFoundationforStatisticalComputing», Вена, Австрия).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В течение 8 летнего мониторинга микробиота мочи пациенток с РНИНМП характеризовалась определенным постоянством микробных паттернов, но с преобладанием (94,1% - 99,1%) анаэробно-аэробных ассоциаций. Антибиотикорезистентность большинства каузативных и дискутабельных уропатогенов нарастала, также нарастала частота обнаружения энтеробактерий, продуцирующих р-лактамазы расширенного спектра. Значимых отличий средних уровней бактериурии в исследуемый период для большинства таксонов микроорганизмов не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. У пациенток с РНИНМП частоты обнаружения E.coli колеблются около 50,0%, для других каузативных патогенов отмечен более низкий показатель частоты обнаружения, тогда как неклостридиальные анаэробные бактерии выделяются в 96,6% случаев. Нарастает антибиотикорезистентность каузативных и дискутабельных патогенов и увеличиваются частоты обнаружения энтеробактерий, продуцирующих р-лактамазы расширенного спектра, что диктует необходимость пересмотра этиологической структуры и подходов к эмпирической терапии РНИНМП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. There is no consensus on the management of patients with recurrent uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (uLUTI), which makes it difficult to carry out effective therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To study the microbial patterns of urine and uropathogens' antibiotic resistance in a urological hospital from 2010 to 2017.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The results of bacteriological studies and the data of individual antibiotic susceptibility testing of patients with recurrent uLUTI (n = 502) were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria of the study: consent of patients to participate in the study, the presence of clinical manifestations of recurrent uLUTI in anamnesis, two episodes within six months or three during the year, leukocyturia in the urinalysis, the absence of sexually transmitted diseases at the time of the study and in anamnesis and also vaginal discharge. Bacteriological studies of the midstream morning urine sample before the prescription of antibiotic therapy were carried out with the determination of antibiotic sensitivity/resistance and production of extended-spectrum p-lactamases. In addition to the standard set of culture media, chromogenic media, aerobic and anaerobic culturing conditions were used. Statistical analysis was performed in the statistical processing and data visualization environment «R ver 3.2» («R Foundation for Statistical Computing», Vienna, Austria).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During the 8-year monitoring of the microbiota, the urine of patients with recurrent uLUTI was characterized by a microbial pattern certain constancy, but with the predominance (94.1% - 99.1%) of anaerobic-aerobic associations. The antibiotic resistance of most causative and debatable uropathogens increased, and the detection frequency of enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum p-lactamases also increased. Significant differences in the average levels of bacteriuria in the study period for most taxa of microorganisms were not detected.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The detection frequencies of E. coli vary around 50.0%, for other causative pathogens a lower detection rate is noted, while non-clostridial anaerobic bacteria are excreted in 96.6% of cases in patients with recurrent uLUTI. The antibiotic resistance of causative and debatable pathogens and the detection frequencies of enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum p-lactamases are increasing, which necessitates a revision of the etiological structure and approaches to empirical therapy of recurrent uLUTI.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота мочи</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>инфекции нижних мочевых путей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urine microbiota</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>lower urinary tract infections</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевяков М.А. Иммунотерапия инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний мочевыводящих путей и ее эффективность. 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