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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-3-18-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Паллиативная цистэктомия. Есть ли место в хирургии рака мочевого пузыря?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Palliative cystectomy. Is there a place in bladder cancer surgery?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-4521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Николаевич Васильев - кандидат медицинских наук; ассистент кафедры урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека (с курсом детской урологии-андрологии), заведующий урологическим отделением Клиники.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, тел.: +7 (863) 250-40-79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Vasilyev - M.D., Cand.Sc.(M); Assist., Dept. of Urology and Human Reproductive Health (with the Pediatric Urology and Andrology Course), Rostov State Medical University; Head, Urology Division, Rostov SMUC.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy Ln</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilyev_on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-8773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепечай</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepechay</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Анатольевич Перепечай - доктор медицинских наук, врач-уролог высшей категории, доцент кафедры урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека (с курсом детской урологии-андрологии) ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ МР; руководитель Центра урологии, заведующий урологическим отделением РКБ ФГБУЗ ЮОМЦ ФМБА России.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29; 344023, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Пешкова, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim A. Perepechay - M.D., Dr.Sc. (M); Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Urology and Human Reproductive Health (with pediatric Urology and Andrology Course), Rostov SMUC.; Head, Urology Centre and Urology Division, Rostov Clinical Hospital, Southern District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy Ln; 344023, Rostov-on-Don, 34 Peshkova St.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">perepechay_va@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-0169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Иосифович Коган - Заслуженный деятель науки РФ, доктор медицинских наук, профессор; заведующий кафедрой урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека (с курсом детской урологии-андрологии).</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Kogan - Honored Scientist of Russian Federation, M.D., Dr.Sc.(M), Full Prof.; Head, Dept. of Urology and Human Reproductive Health (with the Pediatric Urology and Andrology Course).</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy Ln</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dept_kogan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-5665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Вячеславович Рыжкин - аспирант кафедры урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека (с курсом детской урологии-андрологии); врач-уролог Клиники.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Ryzhkin - M.D.; Postgrad. Student, Dept. of Urology and Human Reproductive Health (with the Pediatric Urology and Andrology Course), Rostov SMU; Urologist, Urology Division.</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevanskiy Ln</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.ryzhkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГБУЗ Южный окружной медицинский центр Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University; Rostov Clinical Hospital, Southern District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильев О.Н., Перепечай В.А., Коган М.И., Рыжкин А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильев О.Н., Перепечай В.А., Коган М.И., Рыжкин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyev O.N., Perepechay V.A., Kogan M.I., Ryzhkin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/357">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/357</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пациенты с диагнозом рак мочевого пузыря (РМП) Т4Ь представляют собой относительно ограниченную группу пациентов, обращающихся в урологическую клинику. Кроме того, эта категория пациентов редко выбирается для цистэктомии. Фактически, пациенты с T4b должны быть направлены на химиотерапию и/или лучевую терапию и только позднее, в конечном итоге, на цистэктомию. Однако в настоящее время нет никаких исследований о реальном влиянии различных инвазий органов с точки зрения выживаемости и осложнений, связанных с хирургическим вмешательством у пациентов cT4b. Кроме того, в данной подгруппе пациентов, цистэктомия, помогает смягчить текущие или будущие симптомы РМп и предполагается, что операция после химиотерапии может улучшить выживаемость по сравнению только с химиотерапией.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить эффективность консолидирующей хирургии при раке мочевого пузыря cT4b, учитывая опыт цистэктомии с точки зрения клинических и онкологических результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 29 пациентов с РМп, подвергнутых паллиативной цистэктомии (пЦ) и 404 больных после радикальной цистэктомии (РЦЭ) с лимфаденэктомией и различными методами деривации мочи в период 1995 - 2019 года Паллиативность лечения определялась крайними стадиями развития онкологического процесса (наличие стадии Т4Ь).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Дооперационно планировалось выполнение ПЦ только у 10 пациентов, тогда как после проведения РЦЭ она носила паллиативный характер в 29 случаях. По данным нашего исследования различия в основных результатах лечения оказались не в пользу пациентов с ПЦ. За период наблюдения подавляющая часть пациентов — 24 из 29 (82,8%) — умерли, тогда как в группе после РЦЭ умерли только 34,0% пациентов (р &lt;0,05. Различий в уровне послеоперационной летальности не было выявлено (р &gt;0,05): в обоих случаях (3,4% и 3,0%) она была сопоставима с данными современной литературы. Это в определенной мере отражает равную степень безопасности выполнения цистэктомии у пациентов с РМП в стадии T4b в сравнении с больными подвергнутыми РЦЭ. Продолжительность наблюдения выживших в группе с ПЦ колеблется от 3 до 51 месяцев с медианой в 25,7 ± 13,9 против 73,9 ± 3,9 месяцев в группе РЦЭ у выживших пациентов (р &lt;0,05). Однако из анализа выявлено, что через 2 года в группе пациентов, перенёсших ПЦ, остается более 15% выживших, что может свидетельствовать о возможности применения данного вида лечения у больных с последний стадией РМП.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Паллиативная цистэктомия может быть эффективной в избранной группе пациентов с РМП T4b с одинаковой безопасностью ее выполнения в сравнении с РЦЭ при сохранении вероятности продолжительности жизни до 48 месяцев. Важно разработать и внедрить в практическую деятельность новые протоколы мультимодальной терапии для пациентов с РМП pT4b с целью увеличения продолжительности жизни больных и улучшения ее качества.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. DPatients diagnosed with T4b bladder cancer represent a relatively limited group of patients presenting to the urology clinic. Besides, this category of patients is rarely selected for cystectomy. patients with T4b should be referred for chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy and only later, ultimately, for cystectomy. However, there are currently no studies on the real impact of various organ invasions in terms of survival and complications associated with surgery in T4b patients. Also, in this subgroup of patients, cystectomy helps alleviate current or future symptoms of bladder cancer, and it is suggested that surgery after chemotherapy may improve survival compared to chemotherapy alone.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of consolidating the surgery for bladder cancer cT4b, given the experience of cystectomy in terms of clinical and oncological results.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 29 patients with bladder cancer who underwent palliative cystectomy (pc) and 404 patients after radical cystectomy (RcE) with lymphadenectomy and various methods of urine diversion in the period 1995 - 2019. Palliative treatment was determined by the extreme stages of the oncological process (the presence of stage T4b).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Preoperatively, the PC was planned to be performed in only 10 patients, whereas after the RCE it was palliative in 29 cases. According to our study, differences in the main treatment outcomes were not in favour of patients with PC. During the observation period, the overwhelming majority of patients — 24 of 29 (82.8%) died, while in the group after RCE, only 34.0% of patients died (p &lt;0.05). No differences in the level of postoperative mortality were found (p &gt;0.05). It was comparable with the data of modern literature in both cases (3.4% and 3.0%). This reflects the equal degree of safety of performing cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer at stage T4b in comparison with patients undergoing RCE, to a certain extent. The duration of the survivors' follow-up in the PC group ranges from 3 to 51 months with a median of 25.7 ± 13.9 months versus 73.9 ± 3.9 months in the RCE group in surviving patients (p &lt;0.05) However, the analysis revealed that after 2 years in the group of patients who underwent PC more than 15% of survivors remain, which may indicate the possibility of using this type of treatment in patients with the last stage of bladder cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Palliative cystectomy can be effective in a select group of patients with T4b bladder cancer with equal safety compared to RCE while maintaining the probability of life expectancy up to 48 months. It is important to develop and implement into practice new protocols of multimodal therapy for patients with pT4b bladder cancer to increase the life expectancy of patients and improve its quality.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>паллиативная цистэктомия</kwd><kwd>радикальная цистэктомия</kwd><kwd>канцерспецифическая выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>palliative radical cystectomy</kwd><kwd>radical cystectomy</kwd><kwd>cancer-specific survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, Speights VO, Vogelzang NJ, Trump DL, deVere White RW, Sarosdy MF, Wood Dp Jr, Raghavan D, crawford ED. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(9):859-866. 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