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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2019-7-2-24-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-251</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ранние и поздние послеоперационные осложнения после радикальной цистэктомии при раке мочевого пузыря</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: early and late postoperative complications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-4521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Олег Николаевич - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека с курсом детской урологии-андрологии ФПК и ППС, заведующий урологическим отделением Клиники ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону, тел.: +7 (928) 270-89-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Vasilyev - M.D., Ph.D. doctoral candidate (M); Assistant of Professor, Department of Urology and Human Reproductive Health with the course of Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Advanced Training and Specialist Professional Retraining Faculty, RSMU; Chief, Urology Division, RSMU.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilyev_on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-8773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепечай</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepechay</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перепечай Вадим Анатольевич - доктор медицинских наук, врач-уролог высшей категории, доцент кафедры урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека с курсом детской урологии-андрологии ФПК и ППС ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ Минздрава России; руководитель Центра урологии, заведующий урологическим отделением РКБ ФГБУЗ ЮОМЦ ФМБА России.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim A. Perepechay - M.D., Ph.D. (M); Urologist of the Highest Category Board Certified, (Russian Federation); Associate Professor, Department of Urology and Human Reproductive Health with the course of Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Advanced Training and Specialist Professional Retraining Faculty, Rostov State Medical University; Head, Urology Center and Urology Division, Rostov Clinical Hospital, Southern District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">perepechay_va@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-5665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжкин Андрей Вячеславович - врач-уролог Клиники ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Ryzhkin - M.D.; Urologist, Urology Division, Rostov State Medical University Clinic</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.ryzhkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ; Ростовская клиническая больница, ФГБУЗ Южный окружной медицинский центр Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University; Rostov Clinical Hospital, Southern District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильев О.Н., Перепечай В.А., Рыжкин А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильев О.Н., Перепечай В.А., Рыжкин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyev O.N., Perepechay V.A., Ryzhkin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/251">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/251</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Лечение больных раком мочевого пузыря (РМП) остается одной из самых актуальных проблем онкоурологии. Важно понимать, что риски, обусловленные радикальной цистэктомией (РЦЭ), определяются не только и даже не столько техническими трудностями удаления мочевого пузыря (МП), сколько соматическим статусом пациента, которому требуется выполнение цистэктомии. Еще более важно осознавать, что РЦЭ и деривация мочи являются по сути двумя этапами одной операции. Однако в литературе зачастую сообщается об осложнениях РЦЭ и нередко игнорируется тот факт, что максимальное число осложнений развивается и связано со сложностью варианта деривации мочи. В относительно недавнем долгосрочном исследовании по РЦЭ авторы сообщили о 3%-ной послеоперационной летальности и 28%-ном уровне ранних послеоперационных осложнений (в течение 3 месяцев после операции). Авторами обращено внимание на то, что поздние осложнения чаще обусловлены типом мочевой деривации, тогда как ранние осложнения чаще связаны с РЦЭ. В целом и морбид-ность и летальность тем ниже, чем больший опыт имеет учреждение и хирург. Комбинация этих факторов обусловливает более медленное восстановление и более длительный послеоперационный койко день. Несмотря на снижение летальности, уровень осложнений этой процедуры остается высоким даже в лучших центрах мира.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить осложнения после РЦЭ с использованием различных методик отведения мочи.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Детальному анализу подвергнуты онкологические результаты лечения 458 пациентов с опухолями МП.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Количество пациентов, имеющих сопутствующую патологию, оказалось значительно выраженным и отмечено практически у каждого пациента (381 больной - 83,1%). При этом выявлено, что во всей группе пациентов среднее значение индекса коморбидности Чарлсона скорректированного на возраст оказалось 2,6±1,6 (от 0 до 8). Ранние послеоперационные осложнения выявлены у 197 больных (43,0%). Превалировали ранние несвязанные с уродеривацией осложнения - 36,2%, тогда как частота ранних связанных с уродеривацией осложнений оказалась статистически значимо меньшей, в среднем в 3 раза - 12,9%. Частота встречаемости поздних послеоперационных осложнений (связанных и несвязанных с деривацией мочи) в целом оказалась меньшей в сравнении с ранними осложнениями практически в 5 раз (9,1%). При этом среди поздних послеоперационных осложнений, в отличие от раннего послеоперационного периода, регистрировались преимущественно связанные с уродеривацией осложнения - 6,5%. Важно, что в исследуемой группе пациентов регистрировались преимущественно легкой и умеренной степени осложнения (I-II по Clavien-Dindo) - 41,7%.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Очевидно, что РЦЭ и уродеривация являются сложной хирургией с ожидаемыми высокими показателями послеоперационных осложнений, которые, наряду с функциональными и онкологическими результатами, должны быть приняты во внимание при обсуждении плана лечения с пациентом. Ранние послеоперационные осложнения в основном связаны с самой техникой выполнения РЦЭ, тогда как поздние осложнения чаще обусловлены техникой уродеривации, при этом высокие показатели планируемой долгосрочной выживаемости указывают не необходимость выполнения РЦЭ. Таким образом, полученные нами данные однозначно подтверждают мнение международных экспертов и большинства исследователей о том, что добиться приемлемых, оптимальных результатов в выполнении ЦЭ с кишечной уродеривацией, максимального снижения морбидности и послеоперационной летальности возможно лишь при накоплении достаточного опыта в выполнении именно этого типа операций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Treatment of patients with bladder cancer remains one of the most pressing problems of oncourology. It is important to understand that the risks caused by the radical cystectomy are determined not only and even not so much by the technical difficulties of removal of the bladder, as by the somatic status of the patient who needs cystectomy. It is important to understand that radical cystectomy and urine derivation are essentially two stages of a single surgery intervetion. However, in the publications describing postoperative cystectomy complications often ignore the fact that the maximum number of complications develops and is associated with the complexity of the urinary diversion method. In a relatively recent long-term study on the results of radical cystectomy, the authors reported a 3% postoperative mortality rate and a 28% level of early postoperative complications (within 3 months after surgery). The authors paid attention to the fact that late complications was more often caused by the urinary diversion methods, whereas early complications are more often associated with radical cystectomy. In general, it is determined that morbidity and mortality are lower the more experience the clinic staff and the surgeon have in terms of patient management. The combination of these factors causes a slower recovery and a longer postoperative day. Despite the decrease in mortality, the level of complications of this procedure remains high even in the best centers of the world.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Assessment of the prerequisites for the development of complications after radical cystectomy using different methods of urine diversion.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Oncological treatment results of 458 patients with bladder tumors were subjected to a detailed analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The number of patients with comorbidities was significantly pronounced and noted in practically every patient (381 patients - 83.1%). At the same time, it was found that in the whole group of patients the average value of the Charlson's comorbidity index corrected for age turned out to be 2.6 ± 1.6 (from 0 to 8). Early postoperative complications were detected in 197 patients (43.0%). Early complications NOT associated with urinary diversion prevailed - 36.2%, while the frequency of early complications associated with urinary diversion was statistically significantly less on average 3 times and amounted 12.9%. The incidence of late postoperative complications (associated and NOT associated with the derivation of urine) was generally lower compared to early complications by almost 5 times (9.1%). At the same time, unlike the early postoperative period, among the late postoperative complications, mainly complications associated with the urine diversion of were recorded in 6.5% of cases. It is important that in the studied group of patients were recorded predominantly mild and moderate degrees of complication (Clavien-Dindo I-II) and amounted 41.7%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Obviously, radical cystectomy with urinary diversion are complex surgery with expected high rates of postoperative complications. In this regard, these indicators along with functional and oncological results should be taken into account when discussing a treatment strategy. Early postoperative complications are mainly related to technique of radical cystectomy performing, whereas late complications are more often due to used method of urinary diversion, while high indicators of the planned long-term survival indicate that it is not necessary to perform radical cystectomy. Thus, our findings unequivocally confirm the opinion of international experts and most researchers that achieving optimal optimal results in performing radical cystectomy with urinary intestinal diversion, maximizing morbidity and postoperative lethality is possible only with the accumulation of sufficient experience in this operation types.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радикальная цистэктомия</kwd><kwd>уродеривация</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>ранние и поздние послеоперационные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radical cystectomy</kwd><kwd>malformations</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>early and late postoperative complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красный С.А. Радикальное хирургическое лечение инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря. 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