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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2026-14-3-59-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-1242</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тактика активного наблюдения после робот-ассистированной простатэктомии пациентов с положительным хирургическим краем: анализ онкологических исходов и факторов риска биохимического рецидива</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Active surveillance strategy after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in patients with positive surgical margins: analysis of oncological outcomes and risk factors for biochemical recurrence</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1188-2144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханалиев</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanaliev</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бениамин Висампашаевич Ханалиев — д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Benjamin V. Kanaliev — Dr.Sc.(Med); Full Prof.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">urology-andrology@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-5534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тевлин</surname><given-names>К. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tevlin</surname><given-names>K. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Петрович Тевлин — канд. мед. наук </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin P. Tevlin — Cand.Sc.(Med)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">opticon2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0062-5111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Битаев</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bitaev</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арби Русланович </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arbi R. Bitaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bitaev.16@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ханалиев Б.В., Тевлин К.П., Битаев А.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ханалиев Б.В., Тевлин К.П., Битаев А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khanaliev B.V., Tevlin K.P., Bitaev A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1242">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1242</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Положительный хирургический край (+ХК) после радикальной простатэктомии выявляется у 10 – 46% пациентов и является фактором риска биохимического рецидива (БХР), что создаёт дилемму в выборе послеоперационной тактики между немедленной адъювантной лучевой терапией (АЛТ) и активным наблюдением с возможной отсроченной спасительной (сальважной) лучевой терапией.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить онкологическую безопасность тактики активного наблюдения пациентов с +ХК после робот-ассистированной радикальной простатэктомии (РАРП) и выявить независимые факторы риска БХР.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одноцентровое проспективное когортное исследование. Проанализированы данные 126 пациентов, перенёсших РАРП по поводу локализованного рака предстательной железы (cT1 – 2N0M0). Пациенты, получавшие АЛТ, были исключены из анализа (n = 6). У 120 пациентов применяли тактику активного наблюдения, включая 27 пациентов с +ХК после операции (группа R1). БХР определяли как повышение уровня простатспецифического антигена (ПСА) ³ 0,2 нг/мл при двух последовательных измерениях. Для анализа использовали методы Kaplan — Meier, log-rank тест и многофакторную регрессию Cox.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медиана наблюдения составила 62,2 месяца. Пятилетняя безрецидивная выживаемость была значимо ниже в группе с +ХК по сравнению с группой с отрицательным краем (51,9% против 80,5%; p &lt; 0,05). Независимыми предикторами БХР стали группы ISUP 4 – 5 (ОР = 5,82; 95% ДИ 2,25 – 15,05; p &lt; 0,05) и наличие+ХК (ОР = 5,11; 95% ДИ 2,25 – 11,63; p &lt; 0,05). Из 27 пациентов с +ХК, находившихся под активном наблюдением, у 13 (48,1%) развился БХР. Сальважную терапию в последующем получили 9 (33,3%) пациентов. При этом 18 (66,7%) пациентам из группы R1 на протяжении всего периода наблюдения дополнительное лечение не понадобилось.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тактика активного наблюдения за пациентами с +ХК после РАРП, при отсутствии факторов высокого риска, является онкологически безопасной, позволяет избежать избыточной АЛТ более чем в половине случаев. Решение о назначении АЛТ должно быть индивидуализировано и основываться на комплексной оценке риска, ключевыми элементами которой являются группа ISUP и статус хирургического края.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Positive surgical margins (PSM) are identified in 10–46% of patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) and are a known risk factor for biochemical recurrence (BCR), creating a clinical dilemma between immediate adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) and active surveillance (AS) with the option of delayed salvage radiotherapy (SRT).</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess the oncological safety of active surveillance in patients with PSM after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and to identify independent predictors of biochemical recurrence.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study including 126 patients who underwent RARP for localised prostate cancer (cT1 – 2N0M0). Patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy were excluded from the analysis. In the PSM group (n = 33), postoperative management consisted of active surveillance. Biochemical recurrence was defined as two consecutive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements ³ 0.2 ng/mL. Kaplan–Meier analysis, the log-rank test, and multivariable Cox regression were used for statistical evaluation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The median follow-up was 62.2 months. PSM were present in 33 (26.2%) patients. Five-year recurrencefree survival (RFS) was significantly lower in the PSM group than in patients with negative margins (p &lt; 0.05). On multivariable analysis, high ISUP grade (4 – 5) (hazard ratio (HR) 5.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25 – 15.05; p &lt; 0.05) and the presence of PSM (HR 5.11; 95% CI 2.25 – 11.63; p &lt; 0.05) emerged as independent predictors of BCR. Among the 33 patients with PSM managed with AS, 15 (45.5%) developed BCR, of whom 12 (80.0%) subsequently received salvage therapy. Thus, over the entire follow-up period, 21 (63.6%) patients with PSM did not require any additional treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Active surveillance in patients with PSM after RARP appears oncologically safe in the absence of highrisk features, allowing more than half of such patients to avoid unnecessary adjuvant radiotherapy. The decision to administer ART should be individualised and based on comprehensive risk assessment, with ISUP grade and margin status as key components.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>робот-ассистированная простатэктомия</kwd><kwd>положительный хирургический край</kwd><kwd>биохимический рецидив</kwd><kwd>активное наблюдение</kwd><kwd>адъювантная лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>спасительная лучевая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>robot-assisted radical prostatectomy</kwd><kwd>positive surgical margin</kwd><kwd>biochemical recurrence</kwd><kwd>active surveillance</kwd><kwd>adjuvant radiotherapy</kwd><kwd>salvage radiotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Culp MB, Soerjomataram I, Efstathiou JA, Bray F, Jemal A. 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