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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2026-14-2-102-111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-1230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространённость и прогнозирование недержания мочи после трансуретральных вмешательств по поводу гиперплазии простаты: оценка различных подходов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence and prediction of urinary incontinence after transurethral surgery for prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of different approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0780-6995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещерякова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshcheriakova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Мещерякова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Meshcheriakova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenastrepetova03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6832-3148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефтулаев</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neftulaev</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ренат Расимович Нефтулаев</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Renat R. Neftulaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">renat.neftulaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-4547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Юрьевна Нестерова — канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Nesterova — Cand.Sc.(Med)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oy.nesterova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4518-634X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стригунов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strigunov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Алексеевич Стригунов — канд. мед. наук </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Strigunov — Cand.Sc.(Med)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">an-strigunov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-4697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>M. Yu</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Юрьевич Николаев</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Nikolaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mikhail.nikolaev01@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8276-925X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карим Маратович Юсупов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karim M. Yusupov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sefender1122@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-9004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охоботов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhobotov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Александрович Охоботов — д-р мед. наук </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Okhobotov — Dr.Sc.(Med) </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">14072003m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-7567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Иванович Сорокин — д-р мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay I. Sorokin — Dr.Sc.(Med) </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nisorokin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4251-7545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камалов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamalov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Армаис Альбертович Камалов — д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Armais A. Kamalov — Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof., Acad. of the RAS </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">armais.kamalov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мещерякова Е.А., Нефтулаев Р.Р., Нестерова О.Ю., Стригунов А.А., Николаев М.Ю., Юсупов К.М., Охоботов Д.А., Сорокин Н.И., Камалов А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мещерякова Е.А., Нефтулаев Р.Р., Нестерова О.Ю., Стригунов А.А., Николаев М.Ю., Юсупов К.М., Охоботов Д.А., Сорокин Н.И., Камалов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshcheriakova E.A., Neftulaev R.R., Nesterova O.Y., Strigunov A.A., Nikolaev M.Y., Yusupov K.M., Okhobotov D.A., Sorokin N.I., Kamalov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1230">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1230</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исторически трансуретральная резекция предстательной железы считается золотым стандартом хирургического лечения гиперплазии предстательной железы (ГПЖ). В то же время на протяжении последних двух десятилетий арсенал трансуретральных вмешательств существенно расширился за счёт появления различных методик энуклеации. Несмотря на высокий профиль безопасности современных технологий, недержание мочи (НМ) представляет собой одно из наиболее значимых осложнений трансуретральных вмешательств при ГПЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Систематизация современных данных о частоте и классификации различных форм НМ после трансуретральных вмешательств при ГПЖ, анализ ключевых факторов риска, а также критическая оценка существующих прогностических моделей и номограмм с формулированием перспективных направлений для их дальнейшего совершенствования и клинического внедрения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён обзор электронных баз PubMed и Elibrary.ru с 1999 по 2026 год, чтобы выявить все соответствующие исследования. Электронный поиск был ограничен русским и английским языком.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Центральной проблемой в изучении послеоперационного НМ является отсутствие единого стандартизированного определения данного состояния. В клинических исследованиях для оценки недержания мочи применяют как субъективные методы (жалобы пациентов, валидированные опросники, такие как ICIQ-SF, IPSS, UCLA-PCI), так и объективные показатели (подсчёт количества прокладок и результаты 24‑часового PAD‑теста). Основным патогенетическим механизмом стрессового НМ является повреждение наружного уретрального сфинктера в области верхушки предстательной железы и семенного бугорка, обусловленное механической травмой при энуклеации и дилатации уретры. Патогенез ургентного НМ после трансуретральных вмешательств при ГПЖ связывают, с одной стороны, с предоперационной детрузорной гиперактивностью на фоне хронической инфравезикальной обструкции, а с другой — с послеоперационным воспалительным ответом и раздражением мочевого пузыря в зоне вмешательства, включая возможное термическое воздействие. В качестве возможных факторов риска НМ в различных моделях рассматриваются возраст, индекс массы тела пациентов, особенности оперативного вмешательства, объём и характер роста простаты, анатомические особенности уретры, уродинамические факторы, опыт оперирующего уролога. На основе совокупности этих клинико‑функциональных и анатомических предикторов в последние годы разрабатываются и валидируются прогностические модели и номограммы, призванные индивидуализировать оценку риска послеоперационного НМ и тем самым оптимизировать предоперационное консультирование и выбор хирургической тактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Частота послеоперационного НМ после трансуретральных вмешательств при ГПЖ существенно различается в опубликованных исследованиях из‑за различия в определении НМ и применяемых методах его оценки. Ключевым направлением является создание инструментов, обеспечивающих доступность прогностических моделей для клинической практики, что является необходимым условием перехода от теоретических разработок к их реальному применению.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has historically been regarded as the gold standard surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), although over the past two decades the spectrum of transurethral procedures has expanded substantially with the introduction of various enucleation techniques. Despite the favourable safety profile of contemporary technologies, urinary incontinence (UI) remains one of the most clinically significant complications following transurethral surgery for BPH.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To summarise current data on the incidence and classification of different forms of UI after transurethral procedures for BPH; to analyse key risk factors, and to critically appraise existing predictive models and nomograms, with a view to outlining prospects for their further refinement and clinical implementation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Elibrary.ru databases for the period from 1999 to 2026, restricted to publications in Russian and English.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A central challenge in studying postoperative UI is the absence of a single standardised definition, with clinical studies employing both subjective measures (patient‑reported symptoms and validated questionnaires such as ICIQ‑SF, IPSS, UCLA‑PCI) and objective metrics (pad counts and 24‑hour pad tests). The principal mechanism of stress UI is injury to the external urethral sphincter at the prostatic apex and verumontanum due to mechanical trauma during enucleation and urethral dilation, whereas urgency UI is attributed to pre‑existing detrusor overactivity from chronic obstruction and to postoperative inflammation and bladder irritation, including potential thermal effects. Proposed risk factors for UI include age, body mass index, operative technique, prostate volume and growth pattern, urethral anatomy, urodynamic parameters, and surgeon experience. Based on these predictors, several prognostic models and nomograms have been developed in recent years to enable individualised assessment of postoperative UI risk and to improve preoperative counselling and surgical decision‑making.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Reported UI rates vary widely due to heterogeneity in definitions and assessment methods, highlighting the need for user‑friendly tools that facilitate implementation of predictive models in routine practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперплазия простаты</kwd><kwd>трансуретральная резекция гиперплазии простаты</kwd><kwd>эндоскопическая энуклеация гиперплазии простаты</kwd><kwd>стрессовое недержание мочи</kwd><kwd>ургентное недержание мочи</kwd><kwd>прогностические модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>benign prostatic hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>transurethral resection of prostate hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>endoscopic enucleation of prostate hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>stress urinary incontinence</kwd><kwd>urgent urinary incontinence</kwd><kwd>predictive models</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова (0908).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted under the State assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University (0908).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schally AV, Theodoropoulos G, Sha W, Vidaurre I, Wangpaichitr M. A 50-year journey in the development of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. NPJ Aging. 2025;11(1):41. DOI: 10.1038/s41514-025-00231-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schally AV, Theodoropoulos G, Sha W, Vidaurre I, Wangpaichitr M. A 50-year journey in the development of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. NPJ Aging. 2025;11(1):41. 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