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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2025-13-6-116-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-1149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Газовая хроматография и масс-спектрометрия в диагностике рака предстательной железы: достижения и перспективы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for prostate cancer diagnosis: perspectives and achievements</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-6985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосоян</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosoyan</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мкртич Семенович Мосоян – д.м.н., профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mkrtich S. Mosoyan – Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moso03@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-6499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джагацпанян</surname><given-names>И. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jagatspanyan</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Эдуардович Джагацпанян – канд. тех. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor E. Jahatspanian – Cand.Sc.(Tech)</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drjie@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-6399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скорик</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorik</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Андреевич Скорик – канд. хим. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury A. Skorik – Cand.Sc.(Chem)</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yury_skorik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9931-2809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Александрович Васильев</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artyom A. Vasilev</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">scapaflow12@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3255-5928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макеев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makeev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Александрович Макеев</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Makeev</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.makeev2016@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-производственное объединение «Прибор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research and Production Association “Pribor”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мосоян М.С., Джагацпанян И.Э., Скорик Ю.А., Васильев А.А., Макеев В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мосоян М.С., Джагацпанян И.Э., Скорик Ю.А., Васильев А.А., Макеев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mosoyan M.S., Jagatspanyan I.E., Skorik Y.A., Vasilev A.A., Makeev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1149">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1149</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) является одним из наиболее распространённых онкологических заболеваний среди мужчин, что делает актуальным поиск новых методов его ранней диагностики. Существующие подходы, такие как определение уровня простатического специфического антигена (ПСА), обладают ограниченной специфичностью и чувствительностью, что подчёркивает необходимость разработки более точных и неинвазивных диагностических методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Анализ современных исследований, посвящённых применению газовой хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией (ГХ-МС) для выявления летучих органических соединений (ЛОС) в моче как потенциальных биомаркеров РПЖ, а также оценка перспектив использования данного метода в клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе проведён анализ научных публикаций, доступных через базы данных PubMed, Medscape и eLibrary, за период с 2019 года по 2024 год. Основное внимание уделено исследованиям, посвящённым метаболомному профилированию мочи с использованием ГХ-МС, а также изучению изменений метаболических путей в клетках РПЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты исследований демонстрируют, что ГХ-МС позволяет выявить специфические ЛОС, ассоциированные с опухолевой трансформацией клеток предстательной железы. Показано, что данный метод обладает высокой диагностической точностью, превышающей традиционные подходы, такие как определение уровня ПСА. В частности, выявлены метаболиты, такие как саркозин, ацилкарнитин и арахидоноиламин, которые демонстрируют высокую чувствительность и специфичность в диагностике РПЖ. Также отмечены изменения в углеводном и липидном обменах, а также активация пентозофосфатного пути в клетках РПЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение ГХ-МС для анализа ЛОС в моче представляет собой многообещающий метод диагностики РПЖ, обладающий высокой точностью и неинвазивностью. Однако внедрение данного метода в клиническую практику требует решения ряда технических и методологических вопросов, включая стандартизацию протоколов и снижение стоимости оборудования. Дальнейшее развитие метаболомики и совершенствование аналитических методов могут существенно улучшить раннюю диагностику РПЖ, что положительно скажется на прогнозе и качестве жизни пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies among men, making the search for new methods of its early detection highly relevant. Existing diagnostic approaches, such as the determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, have limited specificity and sensitivity, highlighting the need for more accurate and non-invasive diagnostic methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Objecive</title><p>Objecive. To analyze recent studies focused on the use of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the detection of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential PCa biomarkers, as well as to evaluate the prospects for the implementation of this method in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; Methods</title><p>Materials &amp; Methods. The review includes an analysis of scientific publications available in the PubMed, Medscape, and eLibrary databases for the period from 2019 to 2024. The focus was placed on studies devoted to urine metabolomic profiling using GC–MS and investigations of metabolic pathway alterations in prostate cancer cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results of the reviewed studies demonstrate that GC–MS enables the identification of specific VOCs associated with tumor transformation of prostate cells. This method shows high diagnostic accuracy, exceeding traditional approaches such as PSA testing. Metabolites such as sarcosine, acylcarnitine, and arachidonoilamine have been identified as demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PCa. Alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as activation of the pentose phosphate pathway, were also observed in PCa cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of GC-MS for VOC analysis in urine is a promising method for diagnosing prostate cancer, offering high accuracy and non-invasiveness. However, implementing this method into clinical practice requires addressing several technical and methodological issues, including standardizing protocols and reducing equipment costs. Further development of metabolomics and refinement of analytical methods could significantly improve early PCa diagnosis, positively impacting prognosis and quality of life for patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>газовая хромато-масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>летучие органические соединения</kwd><kwd>метаболиты</kwd><kwd>хроматограмма</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>volatile organic compounds</kwd><kwd>metabolites</kwd><kwd>chromatogram</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. 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