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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2025-13-6-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-1144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нефробиопсия: оценка эффективности и безопасности при различных патологических состояниях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Renal biopsy: assessing safety and efficacy in diverse renal pathologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-3427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Борисович Петров – д-р мед. наук, проф.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei B. Petrov – Dr. Sc. (Med), Full Prof.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrov-uro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Дмитриевич Яковлев – канд. мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav D. Yakovlev – Cand. Sc. (Med)</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bestv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4546-4172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мкртчян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mkrtchyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арсен Семёнович Мкртчян</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arsen S. Mkrtchyan</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkrarsensem@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-5520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добронравов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobronravov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Александрович Добронравов – д-р мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Dobronravov – Dr. Sc. (Med)</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dobronravov@nephrolog.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-134X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коняшкина</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyashkina</surname><given-names>S. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Юрьевна Коняшкина</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Yu. Konyashkina</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetakonyashkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-5153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Рева – д-р мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Reva – Dr. Sc. (Med)</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sgreva79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров С.Б., Яковлев В.Д., Мкртчян А.С., Добронравов В.А., Коняшкина С.Ю., Рева С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров С.Б., Яковлев В.Д., Мкртчян А.С., Добронравов В.А., Коняшкина С.Ю., Рева С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov S.B., Yakovlev V.D., Mkrtchyan A.S., Dobronravov V.A., Konyashkina S.Y., Reva S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1144">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1144</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пункционная биопсия почки является распространённой манипуляцией среди пациентов нефрологического и онкоурологического профилей. Морфологическое прижизненное исследование ткани почки проводят с целью уточнения диагноза, стадии патологического процесса, определения дальнейшей тактики лечения и оценки прогноза. В данном исследовании рассматривается текущая практика биопсии почек при различных патологических состояниях.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить эффективность и безопасность выполнения биопсии почки при различных патологических состояниях, а также анализ структуры осложнений, частоты и факторов риска их развития.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён ретроспективный анализ пациентов, которым в период с января 2018 года по сентябрь 2023 года была выполнена чрескожная пункционная биопсия почки в ПСПБГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова. В данное исследование был включён 1 201 пациент в возрасте от 18 до 84 лет. Биопсия по поводу новообразований почки была выполнена 24 пациентам, для уточнения нефрологического диагноза – 1177 больным. Изучали диагностическую ценность биопсии в зависимости от количества взятых биоптатов. Регистрируемые осложнения после биопсии распределяли по тяжести в соответствии с классификацией Clavien-Dindo. Осложнение классифицировали как серьёзное, если оно требовало таких вмешательств, как переливание крови, радиологическое или хирургическое вмешательство.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследовании приняли участие 625 мужчин (52%), средний возраст которых составил 57 ± 15 лет, и 576 женщин (48%), средний возраст которых – 55 ± 17 лет. Информативность материала не различалась у пациентов, которым был выполнен забор двух и более биоптатов: диагностическая ценность у них составила от 83% до 91% и превысила случаи с забором одного столбика ткани (46,4%, p = 0,002). Осложнения после нефробиопсии возникли у 122 пациентов (10,2%). Серьёзные осложнения наблюдались у 15 (1,2%) пациентов, одному из которых (0,08%) потребовалось срочное оперативное вмешательство в объёме нефрэктомии, а 9 (0,7%) пациентам была выполнена ангиография с эмболизацией почечных артерий. Летальных исходов зарегистрировано не было. В большинстве случаев развитие осложнений было диагностировано в первые 6 часов после биопсии (n = 112, 91,8% от общего числа осложнений). Больший процент осложнений наблюдался у лиц женского пола, пациентов более молодого возраста, пациентов, имеющих более высокий уровень азотемии и повышенные показатели МНО и ПТИ. Также большее число осложнений наблюдалось у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. В отношении количества выполненных вколов частота развития кровотечения в послеоперационном периоде оказалась выше у пациентов, которым было выполнено 4 вкола (p = 0,044).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Биопсия почки является малоинвазивной, относительно безопасной процедурой. Для информативности и минимизации риска развития осложнений достаточно взятия двух столбиков ткани. Предварительная оценка факторов риска развития осложнений, коррекция модифицируемых факторов риска (артериальная гипертензия, коагулопатия), наблюдение в послеоперационном периоде (не менее шести часов) позволяют свести к минимуму риск развития осложнений после биопсии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Renal biopsy is a common procedure in patients with nephrological and onco-urological diseases. Histopathological examination of renal tissue is performed to clarify the diagnosis and stage of the pathological process, to guide treatment strategy, and to assess prognosis. Thus, renal biopsy has become an integral component of current clinical practice for a wide range of renal disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess the safety and diagnostic effectiveness of renal biopsy in various pathological conditions and to analyze the spectrum, patterns, and risk factors of post‑biopsy complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent percutaneous kidney biopsy between January 2018 and September 2023. The study included 1,201 patients aged 18 to 84 years. Biopsy for a renal tumor was performed in 24 (2.1%) patients, and 1,177 (97.9%) patients underwent biopsy for nephrological indications (evaluation of renal disease or characterization of renal dysfunction, including renal failure). Post‑biopsy events were graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. A complication was considered severe if it required interventions such as blood transfusion or radiological or surgical procedures.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Of the 1,201 patients, 625 (52%) were men (mean age 57 ± 15 years) and 576 (48%) were women (mean age 55 ± 17 years). The diagnostic yield did not differ between patients from whom two or more cores were obtained; its value increased from 83% to 91% and was significantly higher than in cases with only one core (46.4%, p = 0.002). Post‑biopsy complications occurred in 122 patients. Major complications were observed in 15 (1.2%) patients; 1 patient (0.08%) required urgent nephrectomy, and 9 (0.7%) underwent angiography with renal artery embolization. No procedure‑related deaths were recorded. In most cases (n = 112; 91.8%), clinically relevant changes were detected within the first 6 hours after biopsy. The highest complication rates were observed in women, in younger patients, in those with higher azotemia, and in patients with elevated INR and reduced prothrombin index values; complications were also more frequent in patients with arterial hypertension. Blood transfusion corresponded to Clavien–Dindo grade III–IV complications. The incidence of complications in the postoperative period was higher in patients who required four needle passes (p = 0.044).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Kidney biopsy is a minimally invasive and generally safe procedure. Obtaining two cores of renal tissue is sufficient to ensure adequate diagnostic yield while minimizing the risk of complications. Careful pre‑procedural assessment and correction of modifiable risk factors (such as arterial hypertension and coagulopathy), together with close monitoring for at least six hours after the procedure, helps keep the risk of post‑biopsy complications to a minimum.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биопсия почки</kwd><kwd>нефробиопсия</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>кровотечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal biopsy</kwd><kwd>nephrobiopsy</kwd><kwd>provision</kwd><kwd>kidney cancer</kwd><kwd>bleeding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron JS, Hicks J. The introduction of renal biopsy into nephrology from 1901 to 1961: a paradigm of the forming of nephrology by technology. Am J Nephrol. 1997;17(3-4):347-358. 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