urovestВестник урологииUrology Herald2308-6424Rostov State Medical University10.21886/2308-6424-2025-13-6-160-173urovest-1139Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯCLINICAL CASESКамни предстательной железы: серия клинических наблюдений и обзор литературыMultiple prostatic calculi: a case series and literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-7567СорокинН. И.SorokinN. I.

Николай Иванович Сорокин – д-р мед. наук, профессор

Москва

Nikolay I. Sorokin – Dr. Sc. (Med), Prof.

Moscow

nisorokin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4518-634XСтригуновА. А.StrigunovA. A.

Андрей Алексеевич Стригунов – канд. мед. наук

Москва

Andrey A. Strigunov – Cand. Sc. (Med)

Moscow

an-strigunov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-4547НестероваО. Ю.NesterovaO. Y.

Ольга Юрьевна Нестерова – канд. мед. наук

Москва

Olga Yu. Nesterova – Cand. Sc. (Med)

Moscow

oy.nesterova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6375-8164КадревА. В.KadrevA. V.

Алексей Викторович Кадрев – канд. мед. наук

Москва

Alexey V. Kadrev – Cand. Sc. (Med)

Moscow

akadrev@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-5282КоробоваА. Г.KorobovaA. G.

Анна Геннадьевна Коробова – канд. мед. наук

Москва

Anna G. Korobova – Cand. Sc. (Med)

Moscow

AKorobova@mc.msu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-0485-632XМакееваЕ. А.MakeevaE. A.

Евгения Александровна Макеева

Москва

Evgenia A. Makeeva

Moscow

makeevazhenia672@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4251-7545КамаловА. А.KamalovA. A.

Армаис Альбертович Камалов – д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН

Москва

Armais A. Kamalov – Dr. Sc. (Med), Full Prof., Acad. of the RAS

Moscow

armais.kamalov@rambler.ruМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov University)Russian Federation202513012026136160173Copyright © Сорокин Н.И., Стригунов А.А., Нестерова О.Ю., Кадрев А.В., Коробова А.Г., Макеева Е.А., Камалов А.А., 20262026Сорокин Н.И., Стригунов А.А., Нестерова О.Ю., Кадрев А.В., Коробова А.Г., Макеева Е.А., Камалов А.А.Sorokin N.I., Strigunov A.A., Nesterova O.Y., Kadrev A.V., Korobova A.G., Makeeva E.A., Kamalov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1139

Распространённость камней простаты, по данным различных исследований, варьируется от 7% до 99% и зависит от возраста пациентов. Простатические камни встречаются у 9% пациентов в возрасте 18 – 29 лет, у 32,3% пациентов – в возрасте 50 – 59 лет и у 66,7% пациентов – в возрасте 70 – 79 лет. Простатические камни, ассоциированные с гиперплазией предстательной железы (ГПЖ), часто остаются бессимптомными и являются случайной находкой во время трансуретральных вмешательств. Крупные и множественные простатические камни, а также камни, ассоциированные с хроническим воспалением в ткани простаты, могут вызывать неспецифические симптомы нижних мочевых путей (СНМП). Помимо этого считается, что у пациентов с наличием простатических камней может возникать гематурия, постмикционный дриблинг, недержание мочи, синдром хронической тазовой боли. Простатические камни, ассоциированные с хроническим воспалительным процессом в предстательной железе, могут являться субстратом бактериальной колонизации, способствуя селекции резистентных к антибактериальным препаратам микроорганизмов. Бессимптомные простатические камни не требуют специального лечения и чаще всего удаляются одномоментно во время оперативного лечения ГПЖ. В случае наличия симптоматических камней простаты эффективность консервативных методик, в частности антибактериальной терапии, ограничена в связи с тем, что камни сами по себе являются источниками персистирующей инфекции. В связи с этим для таких пациентов наиболее предпочтительным методом наряду с антибактериальной терапией является эндоскопическое удаление конкрементов. В рамках данной работы мы описали несколько собственных клинических наблюдений пациентов со множественными симптоматическими и бессимптомными камнями простаты, а также провели литературный обзор, посвящённый данной проблеме.

The reported prevalence of prostatic calculi / stones ranges from 7% to 99% and depends on patient age. Prostatic calculi are found in 9% of men aged 18 – 29 years, in 32.3% of those aged 50 – 59 years, and in 66.7% of those aged 70 – 79 years. Prostatic calculi associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are often asymptomatic and are usually detected incidentally during surgical treatment of BPH. Large or multiple calculi, as well as stones associated with chronic prostatic inflammation, may cause nonspecific lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In addition, patients with prostatic calculi may present with hematuria, post‑micturition dribbling, urinary incontinence, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Prostatic calculi occurring in the setting of chronic inflammation of the gland can serve as a nidus for bacterial colonization and may promote the selection of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Asymptomatic calculi generally do not require specific treatment and are most often removed incidentally during surgery for prostate cancer. In symptomatic cases, the efficacy of conservative treatment, particularly antibiotic therapy, is limited because the stones themselves represent a persistent source of infection. Therefore, in such patients, the preferred management option, in combination with antibacterial therapy, is endoscopic removal. In this paper, we present our clinical cases in patients with multiple symptomatic and asymptomatic prostatic calculi and provide a review of the relevant literature.

камни простатыхронический бактериальный простатитгиперплазия простатысимптомы нижних мочевых путейprostate calculichronic bacterial prostatitisbenign prostatic hyperplasialower urinary tract symptomsReferencesKlimas R, Bennett B, Gardner WA Jr. Prostatic calculi: a review. Prostate. 1985;7(1):91-96. DOI: 10.1002/pros.2990070110Klimas R, Bennett B, Gardner WA Jr. Prostatic calculi: a review. Prostate. 1985;7(1):91-96. DOI: 10.1002/pros.2990070110Назаров Т.Х., Абулбокиев У.В. Исторические и современные взгляды на проблему простатолитиаза. Андрология и генитальная хирургия. 2023;24(1):48-56.Nazarov T.Kh., Abulboqiev U.V. Historical and modern views on the problem of prostatolithiasis. Andrologiya i genital’naya khirurgiya = Andrology and Genital Surgery. 2023;24(1):48-56. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17650/2070-9781-2023-24-1-48-56Nimbalkar A, More V, Mehta S. Multiple Large Prostatic Stones Causing Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Case Report. Cureus. 2021;13(12):e20583. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20583Nimbalkar A, More V, Mehta S. Multiple Large Prostatic Stones Causing Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Case Report. Cureus. 2021;13(12):e20583. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20583Nurtamin T, Kloping YP, Renaldo J. Symptomatic multiple prostatic calculi: A case report and literature review. Urol Case Rep. 2021;38:101690. DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101690Nurtamin T, Kloping YP, Renaldo J. Symptomatic multiple prostatic calculi: A case report and literature review. Urol Case Rep. 2021;38:101690. DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101690Jin YS, Dong B, Jia JQ, Wang F, He XL, Gao JX, Li Y. [Composition and histopathological features of prostatic calculi in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2021;27(9):809-814. (In Chinese). PMID: 34914257Jin YS, Dong B, Jia JQ, Wang F, He XL, Gao JX, Li Y. [Composition and histopathological features of prostatic calculi in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2021;27(9):809-814. (In Chinese). PMID: 34914257Søndergaard G, Vetner M, Christensen PO. Prostatic calculi. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A. 1987;95(3):141-145. DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1987.tb00021_95a.xSøndergaard G, Vetner M, Christensen PO. Prostatic calculi. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A. 1987;95(3):141-145. DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1987.tb00021_95a.xКатибов М.И., Богданов А.Б., Довлатов З.А. Гигантские камни предстательной железы. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2022;15(4):54-59.Katibov M.I., Bogdanov A.B., Dovlatov Z.A. Giant prostatic calculi. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2022;15(4):54-59. (In Russian). DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-54-59Bedir S, Kilciler M, Akay O, Erdemir F, Avci A, Ozgök Y. Endoscopic treatment of multiple prostatic calculi causing urinary retention. Int J Urol. 2005;12(7):693-695. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01133.xBedir S, Kilciler M, Akay O, Erdemir F, Avci A, Ozgök Y. Endoscopic treatment of multiple prostatic calculi causing urinary retention. Int J Urol. 2005;12(7):693-695. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01133.xHasegawa M, Ohara R, Kanao K, Nakajima Y. Transurethral lithotripsy with holmium-YAG laser of a large exogenous prostatic calculus. Urol Res. 2011;39(2):153-155. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-010-0323-0Hasegawa M, Ohara R, Kanao K, Nakajima Y. Transurethral lithotripsy with holmium-YAG laser of a large exogenous prostatic calculus. Urol Res. 2011;39(2):153-155. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-010-0323-0Geramoutsos I, Gyftopoulos K, Perimenis P, Thanou V, Liagka D, Siamblis D, Barbalias G. Clinical correlation of prostatic lithiasis with chronic pelvic pain syndromes in young adults. Eur Urol. 2004;45(3):333-337; discussion 337-338. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2003.09.020Geramoutsos I, Gyftopoulos K, Perimenis P, Thanou V, Liagka D, Siamblis D, Barbalias G. Clinical correlation of prostatic lithiasis with chronic pelvic pain syndromes in young adults. Eur Urol. 2004;45(3):333-337; discussion 337-338. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2003.09.020Hong CG, Yoon BI, Choe HS, Ha US, Sohn DW, Cho YH. The Prevalence and Characteristic Differences in Prostatic Calcification between Health Promotion Center and Urology Department Outpatients. Korean J Urol. 2012;53(5):330-334. DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.5.330Hong CG, Yoon BI, Choe HS, Ha US, Sohn DW, Cho YH. The Prevalence and Characteristic Differences in Prostatic Calcification between Health Promotion Center and Urology Department Outpatients. Korean J Urol. 2012;53(5):330-334. DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.5.330Tang Z, Wu XM, Wei Q, Wu LN. The prevalence and risk factors of prostatic calcification: an analysis of 68 705 subjects. Asian J Androl. 2018;20(4):417-419. DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_41_17Tang Z, Wu XM, Wei Q, Wu LN. The prevalence and risk factors of prostatic calcification: an analysis of 68 705 subjects. Asian J Androl. 2018;20(4):417-419. DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_41_17Harada K, Igari D, Tanahashi Y. Gray scale transrectal ultransonography of the prostate. J Clin Ultrasound. 1979;7(1):45-49. DOI: 10.1002/jcu.1870070113Harada K, Igari D, Tanahashi Y. Gray scale transrectal ultransonography of the prostate. J Clin Ultrasound. 1979;7(1):45-49. DOI: 10.1002/jcu.1870070113Vilches J, Lopez A, De Palacio L, Muñoz C, Gomez J. SEM and X-ray microanalysis of human prostatic calculi. J Urol. 1982;127(2):371-373. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53784-2Vilches J, Lopez A, De Palacio L, Muñoz C, Gomez J. SEM and X-ray microanalysis of human prostatic calculi. J Urol. 1982;127(2):371-373. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53784-2Torres Ramirez C, Aguilar Ruiz J, Zuluaga Gomez A, Espuela Orgaz R, Del Rio Samper S. A crystallographic study of prostatic calculi. J Urol. 1980;124(6):840-843. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55691-8Torres Ramirez C, Aguilar Ruiz J, Zuluaga Gomez A, Espuela Orgaz R, Del Rio Samper S. A crystallographic study of prostatic calculi. J Urol. 1980;124(6):840-843. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55691-8Hyun JS. Clinical Significance of Prostatic Calculi: A Review. World J Mens Health. 2018;36(1):15-21. DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.17018Hyun JS. Clinical Significance of Prostatic Calculi: A Review. World J Mens Health. 2018;36(1):15-21. DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.17018Usta MF, Baykara M, Erdoğru T, Köksal IT. Idiopathic prostatic giant calculi in a young male patient. Int Urol Nephrol. 2005;37(2):295-297. DOI: 10.1007/s11255-004-7967-zUsta MF, Baykara M, Erdoğru T, Köksal IT. Idiopathic prostatic giant calculi in a young male patient. Int Urol Nephrol. 2005;37(2):295-297. DOI: 10.1007/s11255-004-7967-zMeng J, Zhang M, Guan SY, Zhou J, Fan S, Hu H, Liang C. The prevalence and risk factors of prostatic calculi in Han Chinese: a cross-sectional study based on health examinations. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):887-892. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2019.1620203Meng J, Zhang M, Guan SY, Zhou J, Fan S, Hu H, Liang C. The prevalence and risk factors of prostatic calculi in Han Chinese: a cross-sectional study based on health examinations. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):887-892. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2019.1620203Balasar M, Sönmez MG, Aydın A, Göger YE, Özkent MS, Poyraz N. Is There A Relation Between Serum Uric Acid Values and Prostatic Calculi Presence? Urol Int. 2019;102(2):199-204. DOI: 10.1159/000495313Balasar M, Sönmez MG, Aydın A, Göger YE, Özkent MS, Poyraz N. Is There A Relation Between Serum Uric Acid Values and Prostatic Calculi Presence? Urol Int. 2019;102(2):199-204. DOI: 10.1159/000495313Sali G, Thomas A, Kumar G, Nair B, Sanjeevan K, Mathew G, Nair K. Extensive prostatic calculi in alkaptonuria: An unusual manifestation of rare disease. Asian J Urol. 2015;2(3):179-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2015.06.003Sali G, Thomas A, Kumar G, Nair B, Sanjeevan K, Mathew G, Nair K. Extensive prostatic calculi in alkaptonuria: An unusual manifestation of rare disease. Asian J Urol. 2015;2(3):179-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2015.06.003Masoud HMF, Alhawari HH, Alryalat NT, Murshidi MM, Murshidi MM. A rare presentation of alkaptonuria: Extensive prostatic calculi with highlight of stones found in a unique paraprostatic urethral diverticulum. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;38:192-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.07.041Masoud HMF, Alhawari HH, Alryalat NT, Murshidi MM, Murshidi MM. A rare presentation of alkaptonuria: Extensive prostatic calculi with highlight of stones found in a unique paraprostatic urethral diverticulum. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;38:192-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.07.041Kalathia J, Patel K, Agrawal S. Giant prostatic and bladder calculi: Endoscopic management and review of the literature. Urol Case Rep. 2020;35:101529. DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101529Kalathia J, Patel K, Agrawal S. Giant prostatic and bladder calculi: Endoscopic management and review of the literature. Urol Case Rep. 2020;35:101529. DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101529Sfanos KS, Wilson BA, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB. Acute inflammatory proteins constitute the organic matrix of prostatic corpora amylacea and calculi in men with prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(9):3443-3448. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810473106Sfanos KS, Wilson BA, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB. Acute inflammatory proteins constitute the organic matrix of prostatic corpora amylacea and calculi in men with prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(9):3443-3448. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810473106Wang H, Ma M, Qin F, Yuan J. The influence of prostatic calculi on lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(2):929-938. DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1046Wang H, Ma M, Qin F, Yuan J. The influence of prostatic calculi on lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(2):929-938. DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1046Prabhuswamy VK, Tiwari R, Krishnamoorthy R. A giant dumbbell shaped vesico-prostatic urethral calculus: a case report and review of literature. Case Rep Urol. 2013;2013:167635. DOI: 10.1155/2013/167635Prabhuswamy VK, Tiwari R, Krishnamoorthy R. A giant dumbbell shaped vesico-prostatic urethral calculus: a case report and review of literature. Case Rep Urol. 2013;2013:167635. DOI: 10.1155/2013/167635Park SW, Nam JK, Lee SD, Chung MK. Are prostatic calculi independent predictive factors of lower urinary tract symptoms? Asian J Androl. 2010;12(2):221-226. DOI: 10.1038/aja.2009.75Park SW, Nam JK, Lee SD, Chung MK. Are prostatic calculi independent predictive factors of lower urinary tract symptoms? Asian J Androl. 2010;12(2):221-226. DOI: 10.1038/aja.2009.75Calleja R, Yassari R, Wilkinson EP, Webb R. Bladder outflow obstruction caused by prostatic calculi. ScientificWorldJournal. 2004;4 Suppl 1:46- 47. DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2004.45Calleja R, Yassari R, Wilkinson EP, Webb R. Bladder outflow obstruction caused by prostatic calculi. ScientificWorldJournal. 2004;4 Suppl 1:46- 47. DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2004.45Mohd Hashim MH, Shukor S, Azizi MH. Giant Prostatic Stones and a Massive Bladder Stone Leading to Obstructive Uropathy: A Rare Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43176. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43176Mohd Hashim MH, Shukor S, Azizi MH. Giant Prostatic Stones and a Massive Bladder Stone Leading to Obstructive Uropathy: A Rare Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43176. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43176Goyal NK, Goel A, Sankhwar S. Stress urinary incontinence as a rare presentation of large prostatic stones in neurogenic bladder: implications and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013:bcr2013009967. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009967Goyal NK, Goel A, Sankhwar S. Stress urinary incontinence as a rare presentation of large prostatic stones in neurogenic bladder: implications and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013:bcr2013009967. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009967Park B, Choo SH. The burden of prostatic calculi is more important than the presence. Asian J Androl. 2017;19(4):482-485. DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.181193Park B, Choo SH. The burden of prostatic calculi is more important than the presence. Asian J Androl. 2017;19(4):482-485. DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.181193Kim WB, Doo SW, Yang WJ, Song YS. Influence of prostatic calculi on lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged men. Urology. 2011;78(2):447-449. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.12.056Kim WB, Doo SW, Yang WJ, Song YS. Influence of prostatic calculi on lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged men. Urology. 2011;78(2):447-449. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.12.056Soric T, Selimovic M, Bakovic L, Šimurina T, Selthofer R, Dumic J. Clinical and Biochemical Influence of Prostatic Stones. Urol Int. 2017;98(4):449-455. DOI: 10.1159/000455161Soric T, Selimovic M, Bakovic L, Šimurina T, Selthofer R, Dumic J. Clinical and Biochemical Influence of Prostatic Stones. Urol Int. 2017;98(4):449-455. DOI: 10.1159/000455161Dessombz A, Méria P, Bazin D, Daudon M. Prostatic stones: evidence of a specific chemistry related to infection and presence of bacterial imprints. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51691. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051691Dessombz A, Méria P, Bazin D, Daudon M. Prostatic stones: evidence of a specific chemistry related to infection and presence of bacterial imprints. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51691. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051691Cao JJ, Huang W, Wu HS, Cao M, Zhang Y, Jin XD. Prostatic Calculi: Do They Matter? Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(3):482-491. DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.10.003Cao JJ, Huang W, Wu HS, Cao M, Zhang Y, Jin XD. Prostatic Calculi: Do They Matter? Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(3):482-491. DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.10.003Shoskes DA, Lee CT, Murphy D, Kefer J, Wood HM. Incidence and significance of prostatic stones in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology. 2007;70(2):235-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.04.008Shoskes DA, Lee CT, Murphy D, Kefer J, Wood HM. Incidence and significance of prostatic stones in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology. 2007;70(2):235-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.04.008Chen T, Tian L, Bai G, Ma G, Tang R, Liu J, Pang Q, Wang X, Lu J. Clinical Correlation of Prostatic Calculi With Semen Parameters in Adult Men With Fertility Intention. Am J Mens Health. 2019;13(3):1557988319852018. DOI: 10.1177/1557988319852018Chen T, Tian L, Bai G, Ma G, Tang R, Liu J, Pang Q, Wang X, Lu J. Clinical Correlation of Prostatic Calculi With Semen Parameters in Adult Men With Fertility Intention. Am J Mens Health. 2019;13(3):1557988319852018. DOI: 10.1177/1557988319852018Dell’Atti L, Galosi AB, Ippolito C. Prostatic calculi detected in peripheral zone of the gland during a transrectal ultrasound biopsy can be significant predictors of prostate cancer. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2016;88(4):304- 307. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2016.4.304Dell’Atti L, Galosi AB, Ippolito C. Prostatic calculi detected in peripheral zone of the gland during a transrectal ultrasound biopsy can be significant predictors of prostate cancer. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2016;88(4):304- 307. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2016.4.304Huang P, Chen YH, Chen SH, Li XD, Chen DN, Lin TT, Wei Y, Zheng QS, Xu N, Xue XY. [Influence of prostatic calculi on the results of prostate biopsy in patients with a PSA level of 4–10 μg/L]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2021;27(8):718-724. (In Chinese). PMID: 34914244Huang P, Chen YH, Chen SH, Li XD, Chen DN, Lin TT, Wei Y, Zheng QS, Xu N, Xue XY. [Influence of prostatic calculi on the results of prostate biopsy in patients with a PSA level of 4–10 μg/L]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2021;27(8):718-724. (In Chinese). PMID: 34914244Yucel C, Budak S. Association between large prostate calculi and prostate cancer. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2018;90(3):181-183. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2018.3.181Yucel C, Budak S. Association between large prostate calculi and prostate cancer. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2018;90(3):181-183. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2018.3.181Palangmonthip W, Wu R, Tarima S, Bobholz SA, LaViolette PS, Gallan AJ, Iczkowski KA. Corpora amylacea in benign prostatic acini are associated with concurrent, predominantly low-grade cancer. Prostate. 2020;80(9):687-697. DOI: 10.1002/pros.23980Palangmonthip W, Wu R, Tarima S, Bobholz SA, LaViolette PS, Gallan AJ, Iczkowski KA. Corpora amylacea in benign prostatic acini are associated with concurrent, predominantly low-grade cancer. Prostate. 2020;80(9):687-697. DOI: 10.1002/pros.23980Zhao WP, Li YT, Chen J, Zhang ZG, Jiang H, Xia D, Wang S, Wang P. Prostatic calculi influence the antimicrobial efficacy in men with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Asian J Androl. 2012;14(5):715-719. DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.40Zhao WP, Li YT, Chen J, Zhang ZG, Jiang H, Xia D, Wang S, Wang P. Prostatic calculi influence the antimicrobial efficacy in men with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Asian J Androl. 2012;14(5):715-719. DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.40Orji PU, Khooblall P, Doolittle J, Lundy SD, Shoskes D. Surgical management of National Institutes of Health category II chronic bacterial prostatitis: a case series and scoping review of the literature. Transl Androl Urol. 2023;12(10):1581-1588. DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-142Orji PU, Khooblall P, Doolittle J, Lundy SD, Shoskes D. Surgical management of National Institutes of Health category II chronic bacterial prostatitis: a case series and scoping review of the literature. Transl Androl Urol. 2023;12(10):1581-1588. DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-142Goyal NK, Goel A, Sankhwar S. Transurethral holmium-YAG laser lithotripsy for large symptomatic prostatic calculi: initial experience. Urolithiasis. 2013;41(4):355-359. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-013-0571-xGoyal NK, Goel A, Sankhwar S. Transurethral holmium-YAG laser lithotripsy for large symptomatic prostatic calculi: initial experience. Urolithiasis. 2013;41(4):355-359. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-013-0571-xHajji F, Lmezguidi K, Janane A, Ameur A. Large prostatic stones with staghorn renal calculus in a 61-year-old man: an unusual presentation of uncommon disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2017219778. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219778Hajji F, Lmezguidi K, Janane A, Ameur A. Large prostatic stones with staghorn renal calculus in a 61-year-old man: an unusual presentation of uncommon disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2017219778. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219778Najoui M, Qarro A, Ammani A, Alami M. Giant prostatic calculi. Pan Afr Med J. 2013;14:69. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.14.69.2376Najoui M, Qarro A, Ammani A, Alami M. Giant prostatic calculi. Pan Afr Med J. 2013;14:69. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.14.69.2376Shah SK, Chau MH, Schnepper GD, Lui PD. Open prostatolithotomy for the management of giant prostatic calculi. Urology. 2007;70(5):1008. e9-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.08.018Shah SK, Chau MH, Schnepper GD, Lui PD. Open prostatolithotomy for the management of giant prostatic calculi. Urology. 2007;70(5):1008. e9-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.08.018

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.