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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник урологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urology Herald</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2308-6424</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2308-6424-2025-13-4-55-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urovest-1113</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лечение стриктур уретры при лихен-склерозе: систематический обзор и метаанализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Management of urethral strictures in lichen sclerosus / balanitis xerotica obliterans: a systematic review and metaanalysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-5559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьёв</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Анатольевич Воробьев – д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Уфа;</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Vorobev – Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.</p><p>Ufa;</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denecer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-0169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Иосифович Коган – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Kogan – Dr.Sc.(Med),</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dept_kogan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4442-672X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопьев</surname><given-names>Э. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopev</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Юрьевич Прокопьев</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard Yu. Prokopev</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prokopev.urology@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6826-3133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарёв</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkarev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Михайлович Пушкарёв – д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey M. Pushkarev – Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkar967@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University; Irkutsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; Республиканская клиническая больница им. Г. Г. Куватова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University; Kuvatov Ufa Republican Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воробьёв В.А., Коган М.И., Прокопьев Э.Ю., Пушкарёв А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воробьёв В.А., Коган М.И., Прокопьев Э.Ю., Пушкарёв А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vorobev V.А., Kogan M.I., Prokopev E.Y., Pushkarev A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1113">https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1113</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Лихен-склероз (lichen sclerosus – LS), также известный как облитерирующий ксеротический баланит (balanitis xerotica obliterans – BXO), – хроническое воспалительное заболевание кожи и слизистых, которое часто поражает гениталии. У мужчин LS вызывает рубцовые изменения крайней плоти, головки полового члена и наружного отверстия уретры, что приводит к фимозу и меатальному стенозу, а в тяжёлых случаях – к развитию стриктуры уретры.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить современные методы лечения стриктур уретры, ассоциированных с лихен-склерозом (LS), и их результаты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён систематический обзор литературы согласно протоколу PRISMA (PROSPERO CRD420251005196). Включены 18 исследований, удовлетворяющих критериям: пациенты мужского пола со стриктурами уретры на фоне подтверждённого LS, ≥ 5 пациентов в исследовании, описаны исходы лечения. Исключены обзоры, казуистические сообщения и работы без дифференцированных данных по LS. Выполнен метаанализ с оценкой суммарной эффективности различных методов (консервативных и хирургических). Произведён анализ подгрупп (одноэтапная против двухэтапной уретропластики и др.), оценена гетерогенность (статистика I^2) и потенциальное смещение публикаций (воронкообразная диаграмма).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 18 исследованиях суммарно проанализированы данные &gt; 600 пациентов. Консервативная терапия (дилатации, внутриполостные стероиды) позволяла временно улучшить мочеиспускание у значительной части пациентов (успех 80 – 90% на сроке 2 – 3 года), однако в 10 – 20% случаев отмечено прогрессирование стриктуры, требующее реконструктивной операции. Одноэтапная уретропластика с использованием буккального трансплантата продемонстрировала высокую эффективность: совокупная частота успеха 85% (95% ДИ 80 – 90%) при среднем сроке наблюдения 3 – 5 лет. Двухэтапная уретропластика применялась при обширных поражениях; её исходы сопоставимы (успех 75 – 85%), хотя в отдельных сериях отмечены повторные стриктуры между этапами. Паллиативная мера – перинеальная уретростомия – обеспечивала устойчивое восстановление мочеиспускания (успех &gt; 90% в долгосрочном периоде). Основные осложнения – рецидив стриктуры (до 15 – 20% на 5-летнем сроке) и единичные случаи свищей и стриктур неомеатуса; тяжёлые осложнения редки. В метаанализе не выявлено статистически значимого различия между одно- и двухэтапными реконструкциями (относительный риск рецидива 0,95; p &gt; 0,05). Применение дополняющей местной терапии стероидами после операции ассоциировалось с уменьшением частоты рецидивов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Стриктуры уретры, вызванные лихен-склерозом, характеризуются более высокой частотой рецидивов по сравнению со стриктурами другой этиологии, что требует особого подхода. Консервативное лечение может использоваться у ограниченной категории пациентов (особенно при противопоказаниях к хирургии или ожидании реконструкции), однако окончательно излечить стриктуру позволяет лишь хирургическое вмешательство. Одноэтапная уретропластика с трансплантацией слизистой оболочки ротовой полости является методом выбора при LS-стриктурах и обеспечивает наилучшие функциональные и косметические результаты. В случаях протяжённых поражений целесообразно рассмотреть этапную стратегию или выполнение уретростомии. Необходимо комплексное ведение пациентов с участием дерматологов для контроля активности лихен-склероза в послеоперационном периоде. Дальнейшие исследования (в том числе РКИ) необходимы для оптимизации медикаментозной терапии LS и повышения эффективности реконструктивных вмешательств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Lichen sclerosus (LS), also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis affecting the skin and mucous membranes, frequently with genital involvement. In men, LS induces sclerotic changes of the foreskin, glans penis, and urethral meatus. This can lead to phimosis and meatal stenosis, and in severe cases, to the development of urethral strictures.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate current treatment methods for BXO-associated urethral strictures and their outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; Methods</title><p>Materials &amp; Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol (PROSPERO CRD420251005196). The review included 18 studies that met the following eligibility criteria: male patients with urethral strictures secondary to histologically confirmed BXO, a minimum of 5 patients per study, and reported treatment outcomes. Reviews, case reports, and publications without differentiated BXO-specific data were excluded. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled efficacy of various treatment modalities (both conservative and surgical). Subgroup analyses were conducted (comparing, for instance, one-stage vs two-stage urethroplasty), with assessment of heterogeneity (using the I² statistic) and potential publication bias (utilising a funnel plot).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The pooled data from the 18 studies, encompassing over 600 patients, were analysed. Conservative management, such as urethral dilatation and intracavitary steroids, provided temporary symptomatic relief in a significant proportion of patients, with a reported success rate of 80–90% at 2–3 years. However, disease progression requiring reconstructive surgery was observed in 10–20% of cases. One-stage urethroplasty with buccal mucosal graft demonstrated high efficacy, with a pooled success rate of 85% (95% CI 80–90%) over a mean follow-up of 3 – 5 years. Twostage urethroplasty was reserved for cases with extensive stricture disease; its outcomes were comparable (75 – 85% success), although some case series reported a risk of stricture recurrence between stages. As a palliative measure, perineal urethrostomy achieved a durable restoration of voiding, with a long-term success rate exceeding 90%. The principal complications included stricture recurrence (up to 15 – 20% at 5 years) and isolated cases of fistula formation and neomeatal stenosis; severe complications were uncommon. The meta-analysis found no statistically significant difference in outcomes between single-stage vs two-stage reconstructions (relative risk of recurrence 0.95; p &gt; 0.05). The use of adjunctive postoperative topical steroid therapy was associated with a reduced incidence of recurrence.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. BXO-associated urethral strictures are characterised by higher recurrence rates compared to strictures of other aetiologies, necessitating a distinct management approach. Conservative management may be suitable for a select group of patients, particularly those with contraindications to surgery or awaiting reconstruction; however, definitive cure is only achieved through surgery. Single-stage urethroplasty with buccal mucosa graft transplantation is the treatment of choice for BXO-associated strictures and provides optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes. In cases of extensive stricture disease, a staged reconstructive strategy or urethrostomy should be considered. A multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists is essential for the postoperative control of underlying BXO disease activity. Further research, including RCTs, is required to optimise medical therapy for BXO and to improve the long-term success of reconstructive surgery.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стриктура уретры</kwd><kwd>лихен-склероз</kwd><kwd>balanitis xerotica obliterans</kwd><kwd>уретропластика</kwd><kwd>метаанализ</kwd><kwd>эффективность лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urethral stricture</kwd><kwd>lichen sclerosus</kwd><kwd>balanitis xerotica obliterans</kwd><kwd>urethroplasty</kwd><kwd>meta-analysis</kwd><kwd>treatment outcome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy A., Browne B., Fredrick A., Stensland K., Bennett J., Sullivan T., Rieger-Christ K.M., Vanni A.J. 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