urovestВестник урологииUrology Herald2308-6424Rostov State Medical University10.21886/2308-6424-2025-13-2-79-91urovest-1057Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWS ARTICLEВыбор метода паллиативного дренирования верхних мочевых путей по поводу обструктивной уропатии опухолевой этиологииPalliative drainage methods for malignant ureteral obstruction: comparative analysishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-3254ГлининК. И.GlininK. I.

Кирилл Игоревич Глинин 

Москва

Kirill I. Glinin 

Moscow 

glinin.doc@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-5950МамаевИ. Э.MamaevI. E.

Ибрагим Энверович Мамаев — канд. мед. наук  

Москва

Ibragim E. Mamaev — Cand.Sc.(Med) 

Moscow 

dr.mamaev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-6131КотовС. В.KotovS. V.

Сергей Владиславович Котов — д-р мед. наук, профессор 

Москва

Sergey V. Kotov — Dr.Sc.(Med), Full Prof. 

Moscow 

urokotov@mail.ruРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова ; Городская клиническая больница им. В. М. БуяноваРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University ; Buyanov City Clinical HospitalRussian FederationРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова ; Городская клиническая больница № 1 им. Н. И. Пирогова ; Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка»РоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University ; Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1 ; “Kommunarka” Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical CentreRussian Federation2025080620251327991Copyright © Глинин К.И., Мамаев И.Э., Котов С.В., 20252025Глинин К.И., Мамаев И.Э., Котов С.В.Glinin K.I., Mamaev I.E., Kotov S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/view/1057

Представлен обзор литературы по теме паллиативного дренирования верхних мочевых путей (ВМП) у пациентов с обструктивной уропатией онкологической природы. Несмотря на общепризнанную состоятельность дренирования при помощи нефростомы, длительное ношение наружного мочевого дренажа имеет специфические осложнения и оказывает значительное влияние на качество жизни пациента. В этой связи не прекращаются поиски оптимального варианта длительного внутреннего дренирования ВМП у данной категории пациентов. Ключевыми параметрами, ограничивающими применение стандартного стентирования мочеточников, является нарушение проходимости стентов в результате компримирующего действия опухоли и обструкция просвета стента как результат петрификации. Помимо этого большое значение имеет наличие стент-ассоциируемой симптоматики у большинства пациентов. В обзоре приведены результаты исследований, как характеризующих факторы ограничения возможностей стентирования мочеточников у данной категории пациентов, так и направленных на преодоление этих ограничений путём воздействия на физические, химические и биологические основы несостоятельности внутреннего дренирования ВМП.

The present review provides an in-depth analysis of palliative drainage modalities for the upper urinary tract (UUT) in patients diagnosed with cancer-associated obstructive uropathy. Although nephrostomy-based drainage is widely acknowledged as a valid approach, prolonged utilization of external urinary drainage systems is associated with specific complications and exerts a considerable impact on patients’ quality of life. Consequently, the quest for an optimal variant of prolonged internal urinary tract drainage in this patient population remains an ongoing endeavor. The primary parameters constraining the efficacy of conventional ureteral stenting include stent patency compromise due to tumor compression and stent lumen occlusion resulting from encrustation. Furthermore, the prevalence of stent-related symptomatology in most patients represents a significant clinical concern. This review synthesizes the findings of studies that both elucidate the factors limiting the utility of ureteral stenting in this patient cohort and propose strategies to overcome these limitations through targeted interventions addressing the physical, chemical, and biological determinants of internal ureteral drainage failure.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.